IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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HiolDgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  I4S80 

(716)  873-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  Images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checlced  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilka6  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  AtA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvont  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


□    Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I   Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 


D 
D 
D 


D 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurAe  et/ou  pellicula 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 


C    Coloured  inic  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  rellure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte. 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  ii6  fiimies. 


D 
D 

a 
□ 

□ 
n 

□ 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restauries  et/ou  peliicui^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcoior^es.  tacheties  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  mat6riei  suppi^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pageii  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obsrurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  fiimies  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


1 

s 
1 

V 


i 

b 
ri 
r( 
n 


□ 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supipl^mentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  hes  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appaering  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  end  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  AH 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaira  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArosit*  de: 

La  bibiiothique  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 

Las  images  suivantes  ont  ^tt  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  I'exemplaire  film«,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commen9ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  -^>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  y  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
fiim^s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciich*.  il  est  film«  A  partir 
de  Tangle  suptrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I- 


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Harykid 


GEiTBMIAL  MEMORIili. 


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^.SW&f^s 


JOURNAL 


or 


Charles  Carroll  orCaiTollldii, 


DUKiNo   nis 


Visit  to  Canada  in  1776, 


As  One  of  the  Commissioxkhs  from  (^)N(}KEss; 


WITH  A  MEMOIR  AND  NOTES. 


I3y  BRAXTZ  MAYI-Ml. 


I'lUNTEi)  iiv  John  Muhphy, 
Fob  THE  Maryland  M  is  iohica  i.  Society, 

B  A  L  T  I  M  O  R  K  .    M  A  V,     1  ^  7  'i . 


i 


i.    t  Ir: 


"*. 


re 


Memorial  Contribution 


K  R  O  M     V  H  E 


Maryland  Historical  Society, 


TO     T  H  K 


CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATrON 


OF    T  H  K 


National  Indepekdenc 


E 


OK    TUB 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


July  4th,   1876. 


'Q  MA'JilL  ]&  3   iA'mn  iDIiiC  ur  'GJ^mU'  ylLl.?P  ii> B" . 


Till  Marvlaii.l  IIisl(.ii<-nl  Socict)  wisliinjr  ti.  hriiijr  a  \m,\m- 
offi-riiiK  to  the  (irst  CciiU'iminl  Cclfl.ralii.n  of  our  Nalinual  In.lc. 
(IcridoiKT,  iT«..lvf(l,  Inr  i|,al  purpose,  l(.  reprint  a  .roiirnal  of 
Charles  Carroll  of  Carrolltoti.  of  Marvlaiui.  sljrner  of  the  Derla- 
nitioti  of  Fink'peiuh'iMe.  The  original  inatinseript  of  this  recor<l 
is  kept  ill  the  Archives  of  the  Society  as  u  precious  ^rjfi  f,oin 
the  (leseeiidaiits  of  its  iliiistrioiis  author. 

The  Joiiriial  \va>  written  l.y  .Mr.  Carroll,  in  17-r  <|iiriii;r  a 
.journey  to  Canada  with  Heiijaniin  Franklin  of  rei.i.Hylvania, 
and  Samuel  Chase  of  Maryhind,  nienilier.-.  of  Congress,  and,— 
.jointly  with  Mr.  Carroll.— its  delejrated  Coim,..-„sioner-  to  ;rv 
the  fc  I-,',  and,  if  possible,  t(.  stir  up  the  Canadiae,.,.  \\y  the 
recpiest  of  Con^-ress  the  Reverend  .r.>hn  Carroll,  ,  ..iisin  of 
Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton.  and  afterwards,  the  (ir,>i  i Ionian 
Calholie  .Archhishop  of  the  Cniled  States,  ucc-.iupanied  these 
Kciitleiiieti  on  their  j:riive  and  delicate  errand, 

The  nndersi.yiied  were  named  l.y  the  Society  to  carry  out  its 
wishes;  and  with  ^reat  respect,  they  oirer  this  l.ook  as  a  patrioije 
memorial-showing-  that,  at  the  end  of  on.,  hundred  years  of 
National  life,  Maryland  is  loyal  to  the  men  and  memories  of  177(;. 

H I{ AN TZ  MAYER, 
WILLIAM   11    CORNKH, 
.lOIlN  J.  .lACOHSKN, 

Rai-TIMore,  Maryland,  1  May,  ISTC. 


I  X TJU>DU(   1  O  R  Y  MEMO  I U 


L'  ro  X     T  II  K 


EXI'KDITIOX  TO  CAXADA 


I  \ 


I  7  7  ."> —  1  7  7  (5. 


<'iiAi'Ti:ij    I. 

THAT  loiio-  lino  (.f  l.-ikcs  ;in<l  rivers  ^\lli(•ll  fl<.u 
sniitlio.Mstw.-irdly  ;icr(.ss  our  coutiiiciit.  .-iikI 
(Miipty  into  the  Atl.-tntic  tliroiiuli  tlic  ,oi,lf  of 
S.-iiiit  Lawroiico,  scriii.s  to  form  u  natural  harrier 
Ix'twecMi  two  nations,  iiiarkiiiH-  tlieii-  .ueoorajtliical 
limits  if  it  <li(l  not  also  Ixmnd  dift'civnt  rares. 
And  such,  in  fact,  ^vas  really  the  case  with  a  ].art 
of  this  extensive  chain,  until  the  ]>eace  (»f  ]\-iris  in 
i70;{.  when  Canada,  after  the  victory  of  W'olte. 
l)assed  from  the  dominion  of  France  to  that  of  the 
Jh'itish  Clown. 

ill   March,   17()(j,   the    stamp   act   was    reiM>aled; 
hut  the  Knulish  ministry,  foil    1  in  its  first  attempt 
^  "  0 


£ 


U) 


Inth()I)1'(T(»ky  Mkmoih. 


^^ 


on  the  lilu'i'tios  of  tlie  American  colonics,  seemed 
(letermiiKMl  to  tease  and  avoitv  tliem  into  rebel- 
lion.  Taxation  by  duties  was  laid  in  1707,  and 
Maryland  at  once  took  liround  airainst  the  inniosi- 
tion.  Associations  tor  "non  inn)ortatioir'  were 
speedily  formed;  but,  after  existini*:  for  a  while, 
*hey  were  abandoned,  and  local  discontents  arose 
in  our  state  that  exas})erated  the  j)eoide's  feelinirs 
against  Ministerial  oj)[>ressions,  until  they  were 
ripe  for  the  rev«dt  that  ultimately  broke  out/ 

Amoniist  the  earliest  demonstrations  of  n  dis- 
])osition  on  the  ]»art  of  the  cidonists  to  resort  to 
violence,  was  the  attack  upon  the  newly  cc'ded 
province  of  Canada. 

The  expedition  that  was  sent  to  the  north  was 
<leemed,  by  some  persons,  of  <piestionable  i)olicy, 
and  not  a  few  of  our  j)eo])le  th(»ui;ht  it  entirely 
subversive  of  the  principles  npon  which  we 
liTounded  our  resistance.  It  miii'ht  naturally, 
they  alleued,  bo  reuarded  as  a  Wfa'  of  roHf/ucxf, 
and,  as  such,  was  entirely  at  yariance  with  the 
s[)irit  of  our  discontent. 

Such,  however,  was  lutt  a  just  view  of  the  case. 
The  boundary  of  the  lakes  to  which  we  have 
alluded,  formed,  in  reality,  no  boundary  to  IJritish 
rule,  tor  the  sway  of  the  An<;lo-Saxon  race  was 
now  fully  established  over  the  wlnde  of  the  north- 


>  Soo  McMitlion's  History  of  J.IiinlaiKl,  vol.  i,  \>.  CSO. 


I N T  K(  H )  rCTO K  Y    M  K M <  H  I{ . 


11 


scomod 
»  rolid- 
07,  and 
iDiposi- 

wjiilc, 
s  arose 
fcoliiiirs 
y  >\'oro 
•iit.^ 

a  di.s- 
sort  to 

cc'd(>d 

til  was 
policy, 
iitirolv 
;li  wo 
Lirallv, 

h    the 

ease. 

have 
British 
^  Ava.s 
lortli- 


eni  part  of  the  eoiitiiuMit.  It  was  ul»vi(»uslv 
])ro[ter.  therefore,  t(»  detract,  if  ]»ossil)le,  from  the 
l>o\ver  of  our  assailants  to  harm  us  on  the  ureat 
watery  hiiihwa;.  of  the  lakes  and  rivers,  or  to 
present  such  an  united  force  of  colonial  and  ])ro- 
vincial  iidiahitants  as  miidit  <*iuinterhalance,  in 
a  ureat  measure,  the  jx-rtinacious  loyalists  who 
were  disposed  t(t  dis<'ountenance  our  appeals  for 
justice.  For  it  will  be  remembered,  that  before 
the  declaration  of  our  national  independence,  the 
warfare  was  neither  auainst  the  throne  nor  the 
laws  of  Knuland.  but  against  a  reckl(>ss  and  op- 
]>ressive  n.inistry.' 

In  takin<j:  advantau-e.  therefore,  of  this  u-eneral 
desire  to  eidist  the  whole  of  the  IJritish  subjects 
in  America  in  the  preservation  of  their  privileyes, 
efforts  were  justly  and  tairly  made  to  obtain 
possession  of  the  keys  of  the  lakes  and  of  the 
St.  T.awrence  at  (Quebec  and  Montreal. 

As  Sir  (Miy  (ai'leton  had  manifested  a  stronu" 
disposition  to  sustain  the  ministry  against  the 
pci»|»le,  it  Mas  hoped  that  his  ett'orts  would  thus 
Ik'  lu'utrali/ed,  and  an  unbroken  front  of  tirm  and 
resisting-  free-iuMi  ])resented  to  tiie  cabinet  and 
l>arliament. 

Canada  was  ,i  j)rovin<v  whose  eiti/ens  had  n(»t 
yet  coalesced  with  the  Knglish.      In  tiie  debat(>  on 

iScc  CI.  R.'wl's   letter  to    WM.-lnn-ton,  mul  Wi.sliin-toi.'s    itmIv.- 
U'ashuii/lons  U'riiiin/s,  vol.  iii,  ji.  :)47. 


A 


J 


\J 


iNTKoDriToHV    Mi;M(>1I{. 


tlic  Caii.ul.i  hill,  ill  1774.  tlio  widest  l.itittulo  <»f 
o|)iniou  w.is  I'xpivsscd  ;is  tn  the  |>r<»iH'r  liovoni- 
iiiL'ut  jumI  liiws  tor  tli(>  ('i>n<|ii('riMl  pniviiu'c,  and 
the  most  Inmentablo  iiiiioraiice  Avas  disjdayed  as 
t(t  the  charactor  and  toinpoi*  of  tlio  pL'o[>l('.' 

ruder  the  rreiieli  tlie  spirit  of  tlie  li'oveniiiient 
liad  been  iiiilitarv.  CoiKpiost  was  tlie  chief  ohjeet. 
and  the  desire  of  the  authorities  was  to  coniniand 
the  lakes,  lo  control  the  territories  on  th(>  Ohio, 
and  thus,  descemlinu'  the  ^lississijkpi  to  Louisiana, 
to  enil)raee  the  i>Teat  internal  resources  of  this 
continent  hy  two  uiuantic  arms,  one  of  which 
should  rest  on  the  St.  Jiawrenco  whilst  the  other 
c  Mitrolled  the  (lulf  of  ^hwico.  (  ai  ada.  therefore, 
was  the  citaihd  and  nursery  of  their  troo|»s.  Larue 
detachments  were  sent  every  year  to  the  Ohio  and 
to  other  interior  ]tarts  of  Xorth  .\nu>rica.  and.  l»y 
these  annual  c,nu))ai,uns,  the  jn'ovince  was  drained 
of  its  hlood  and  eneruy.  The  peo])le  had  no  time 
for  settlenuMit  and  its  ])eaceful  results.  Marriages 
were  ]>revented,  and  nundters  perished  in  the  toil- 
S(une  ser\  ices  to  which  they  were  dexoled  anions 
the  savages  of  the  I'emote  wilderness.  J)ut.  after 
the  ciuKpiest  l»y  (ireat  Britain,  the  as[»ect  of  atl'airs 
was  chanued.  The  u'ovei'nment  hecanu'  one  <»♦' 
])eace.  and  tlu>  inhahitants — not  ureatly  auuiuented 
in    numhv'rs    l»v    eniiuratitui  —  were    i»ermitted    to 


*  Set'  Ca\  L'udislr:^  Debulc;;  on  tlio  Canada  bill  in  1774. 


iNTHOlH'croIJV    Mk.MoII!. 


i;{ 


(Milti\;it(>  tlicir  l;iii<ls.  uliilst  the  jiiducs  took  circ 
not  to  iiitcrt'rre  cssciiti.-illy  uith  tlu'ir  Imws  .'ind 
ciistoiiis.'  IJcsldcs  tliis.  the  ])olicv  ot"  ,l']iml;iii<l 
towai'ds  ('.-m.-Hla  avms  >vis(>  in  ;niotlu'r  ivsjtcct.  In 
OctolnM-.  17<>.'i.  ;i  royal  ]»ro('l;unatioii  was  made.  l)y 
wiiicli  tlic  ]»r(»\  iiici'  of  (|{iK'l»i'('  was  liinitod  and 
WouikUmI;  and  on  tlio  l.'3tli  of  June.  1774.  parlia- 
niiMit  |>ass(>d  tlio  '•(^ludn'c  act."  by  wliirh  tlioso 
limits  were  cnlaruvd.  and  jiis  iiiaicstv's  sii1)iccts 
jtrofc'^sini;-  tlie  ivligioii  of  the  cliurch  of  Konic. 
were  ,iiiiaraiitie<l  the  fr(>e  exercise  of  their  worship, 
whilst  their  i)i'iests  were  protected  in  the  full  dis- 
chai'ue  of  all  their  functions. 

Tiius  Canada,  tliouuh  a  iiiiaxi  foreiun  countrv. 
was  a  contented  one.  and  it  hehooNcd  (»ur  states- 
men to  take  heed  h>st  her  peojile.  still  alive  to 
their  ancient  military  ulory.  miuht  annoy  (»r  dis- 
tract our  frontier.  The  warfare,  therefore,  that  we 
wauvd  within  her  borders,  was  oiu\  in  fact,  of 
political  i)ropauainlism.  in  which  the  ])eoid(\  un- 
fortunately for  themsehes  as  the  se((U(d  ]>roved. 
took  hut  little  interest. 

W  e  will  not  dwell  on  the  successes  of  (»ui-  troo|»s 
in  Canada  up  to  tli(>  sju-inu-  <>t'  :177<).  So  manv 
works  ha\e  been  Mritten  on  the  liistory  of  that 
l>eriod  and  on  the  biography  of  the  eminent  men 
who   led  our  armies,  that   it   would  be  useless,  in 


1  .Siu  ''Di-luti-,'  &.,„  i.|,.  101,  10.3. 


14 


Introdictoky  Mkmoih. 


tlii«  skotcli,  t(>  review  tlie  earlier  jKirt  of  our  cnni- 
])ai,<»:n. 

Hut  after  tlie  successes  of  Arnold  and  Allen  at 
Ticonderojia  and  (Vown  Point,  the  former  of  these 
officers  pushed  on  t(>wards  (Quebec  through  the 
wilderness.  ^^\  the  capture  (»f  a  small  fleet  at 
Sorel,  under  (ieneral  Prescott,  the  Americans  had 
gained  command  of  the  St.  Lawrence  above  (Que- 
bec, and,  as  all  the  ]Jritish  ]>osts  in  Canada  were 
under  ;iur  control,  except  the  caj)ital,  that  now 
became  the  object  i>f  eauer  enter[»rise.^ 

On  the  lilst  of  I)ecend)er,  ITTo.  ^rontuomerv 
stormed  that  stronghold,  and  fell  in  the  •  itack. 
Our  troo])s  were  unsuccessful  in  effecting  a  lodg- 
nient;  but  Arnold,  on  whom  the  command  de- 
vcdved,  sat  down  resolutely  l)efore  the  capital,  in 
the  depth  of  winter,  and  with  the  small  remnant 
of  his  trooi)s  besieged  a  Ministerial  armv  of  nearly 
double  his  number. 

Keinforcements  were  sesit  to  our  colonial  general, 
who  had  been  immediately  ])ri)moted  for  his  gal- 
lantry, and  troops  that  carried  their  own  ])rovisions 
during  a  perilous  march  on  snow  shoes,  through 
the  forests,  reached  him  from  A  ermont,  New 
JIampshire,  and  Massachusetts. 

With  this  fragmentary,  undiseiplined,  ill-fei'. 
and   miserable   array,    he   kejjt   his   ground    until 


'  Soe  Spurks's  Lilt'  ol"  Anuikl. 


JXT1{<)1»1{T(>KV   Mi:moii{. 


1.1 


gal- 


A' 


s|»riii,<i-.  Moniiwliilc,  W'oostcr  liad  (|iii('tly  rested 
<lin'iii_u'  tlic  loiiii"  and  sevei'c  winter,  in  the  secure 
and  undisputed  Montreal.  "A  state  of  repose," 
says  .Mr.  Sparks,  "wliieli  liis  eountrviiien  were  n(»t. 
j»re|»ared  to  expect  from  a  man  wIk)  liad  <;ained  tlie 
re|)utation  of  a  bold  and  acti\e  officer  in  tlie  last 


war. 


However,  on  tlie  1st  (d'  Api'il.  177<).  he  left  hi.s 
winter  (piarters  for  (^uehec.  and.  as  he  (Uitranked 
Arnold,  to(dv  command  immediately  on  his  arrival. 
Arnold,  who  was  no  doubt  discontented  at  not 
beini;-  juM'mitted  to  continue  in  autlntrity  at  a  sea- 
son Avhen  he  miiiht  ha\e  struck  a  darinir  and 
eft'ectual  blow,  forthwith  departed  for  Montreal, 
and  left  this  weak  and  injudicious  cdficiM'  to  con- 
duct  the  sieu'e.- 

Canada  was  thus,  in  fact,  in  the  ])ossession  of  (uir 
eolonial  troops,  yet  the  tenure  was  rather  nominal 
than  real.  It  was  a  ciuifiict  between  f/tr  }iii1if(n\t/  on 
both  sides,  whilst  the  people  of  the  ]>rovince  —  the 
subject  matter  of  all  available  controversy — had  as 
yet  manifested  no  ardent  desire  to  join  us. 

►Such  was  the  stat<'  of  things  early  in  the  memo- 
rable year  of  70.  iJut  the  feeble  unisp  with  which 
we  held  that  remote  jjrovinc:'  was  not  lono-  to  be 
eontinued.     On  the  first  of  April.  (\d.  llazen.  who 

'  Soe  Sp.irks'.s  Life  of  Arin.ld,  p.  65. 
^-Sce  Mr.  Carroll's  Journal,  of  tl»"  25l]i  of  May,  nii.l  note,  for  lli.. 
CoininissioiKTs'  opinion  of  Woostor'.s  coiidiirt  in  Caniida. 


J:1 


i 


i<; 


I.\'n!<>iir(  Ktiiv  M  r..M(iii!. 


liad  t.'ikoii  ciiiniUMiKl  .-it  M<iiitri';il.  mi  tlic  (It'iiMitiirc 
of  (MMu>r;il  WiMistcr,  .-iixl  Itcforr  tlic  ;irri\;il  (if 
Arnold,  thus  wr»»t('  to  (Jciicr.-il   Scliiiylcr: 

"You  .-ii'c  not  un;ic(|u;iintc<l  ^vitli  tlic  friendly 
disposition  of  tlic  ( '.-iiiMdiMns  wlicn  (icncr.Ml  Moiit- 
ii'onu'rv  fii'st  ncnctivitcMl  into  tlic  countrv.  Tlu' 
ivadv  assist.-incc  tlicv  Liavc  (»n  .-dl  ticcMsioiis.  liv 
nuMJ,  (.'an'iaiic's.  <»r  ]»ro\isions.  uas  most  vrniark- 
al)lo.  J^Ncn  wIkmi  lio  was  hcforc  (^uclx'c.  many 
pavislu's  oH'crcd  thcii*  s(M'\  ices  in  tlic  ivdurtion  of 
that  fortress,  which  wei'e  at  that  tinu'  thought 
unnecessary.  Hut  his  nu»st  unfortunate  fate,  added 
to  (»th(>r  incidents,  has  caused  such  a  chanue  in 
their   disposition,    that    we    no    loni^'cr    look    upon 


til 


em   as  friends.   Init.  on   the  contrarv,  as  waitinu' 


an  opjiortunity  to  join  our  enemies.  That  no 
ol)ser\ations  of  my  own  may  remain  obsciir<>.  1 
l»ei>"  lea\e  to  ol»sei'\e  that  I  think  the  cleruv.  or 
jLi'uardians  ef  th(>  souls  and  ci>nduct(U's  of  the  bodies 
of  these  (Mithusiasts.  liaxc  heen  neiilected.  i>erhai»s. 
in  some  instances,  ill  nsed.  \\c  that  as  it  will,  they 
are  nnanimons.  thouuh  ]»rivately.  auainst  our  cause, 
and  I  have  too  much  reason  t(»  fear  that  many  of 
them,  with  other  i»eopl(>  (tf  some  conseipieuce.  have 
carried  <tn  a  C(»i'respondence  the  whole  winter  with 
(ieneral  Carleton  in  (^ueliec.  and  are  now  plottinu' 
our  desti'uction.  The  peasantry  in  u'eneral  ha\e 
been  ill  nsed.  They  have,  in  some  instances,  been 
<lrau'o(un>d  with  the  jxiint  of  the  bayonet  to  su]))»ly 


iNTKODrtToin-    ^FEMOin. 


1 


wood  for  tlio  uarrisoii  .-it  ,i  lower  rate  tlinn  tlio 
ciirrciit  price.  F<»r  enrri.mes  and  mniiv  other 
articles  fiiriiislied,  illeuihle  certilicates  liavc  been 
iriven  witlioiit  siuiiatiire;  the  i>iie-lialt',  (»f  oonse- 
(|iieiice,  rejected  l)y  tlie  (luarterniaster-geiieral.  It 
is  true,  i>aynieiit  has  been  promised  from  time  to 
time;  vet  they  look  upon  such  jtromises  as  va^ue, 
their  lab(»r  an<l  ]»roperty  lost,  and  the  conuress  or 
X'nited  Colunies  baidvrujtt.  And,  in  n  more  mat(>- 
rial  ])oint,  they  ha\('  not  seen  sufficient  force  in  the 
country  to  protect  them.  These  matters  furnish 
very  stroni;:  aruuments  to  be  made  use  of  bv  our 
enemies.  With  res[)ect  to  the  better  sort  of  people, 
l)oth  French  and  Knglish,  seven-eiuhths  arc  tories, 
who  would  wish  to  see  our  throats  cut,  and  perhaps 
wouhl  readily  assist  in  doin^'  it. 

"You  may  remember,  sir,  in  a  conversation  Avith 
you  at  Albany,  I  uruvd  the  necessity  of  sending- 
immediately  to  Canada  able  generals,  a  respectable 
army,  a  committee  of  congress,  u  suitable  supply  of 
hard  cash,  and  a  printer.  Indeed,  I  had  before 
rejjresented  those  mivisures  in  person  to  congress, 
at  least,  to  the  committee  of  C(»ngress,  and  we  have 
since  been  flattered,  from  tinu»  to  time,  that  we 
should  have  one  <»r  all  of  these  essentials."^ 

The  commissioners,  alluded  to  by  ('(donel  Ilazen, 
had  already  been  a|>p<»int«'d  l)y  congress;  and.  on 

'  Son  AVnsliin!i;ton'.s  "Writings,  vol,  iii,  p.  301,  note. 


18 


iNTUoDUCTnltV    Mi;M«»ll{. 


tl»c  (lav  sul)sc'(|iu>iit  to  \\\v  (late  of  liis  Icttor,  luul 
tlouartod  tVoiu  tlio  citv  of  Xcw  York  on  tlicir  wav 
to  Montreal. 

On  tlio  lotli  of  I*\'l(riiarv,  "TO.  it  was  " Kesolvcd 
tliat  a  connnittcc  of  tlircc — two  of  wlioni  to  1h> 
monibcrs  of  congress — be  a]»i»oint('«l  to  repair  to 
('ana<la,  tlier(>  to  juirsiie  sueli  instructions  as  sliall 
be  civen  them  l»v  tliat  IhkIv."' 

Dr.  J5i:njami\  Fhaxklix,  SAMi'iiii  Ciiask,  and 
('has.  Cakkoll  of  Carrollton.-  Avere  chosen  for 
this  ])uri)ose  (the  two  first  named  heini*-  mend)ers), 
and.  )>y  a  sju'cial  resolution,  the  last  mentioned 
jj:entleman  was  d(>sired  ''to  j)n>vail  on  Mr.  .Ion\ 
Cauholl  to  acci)mi)any  the  committee  to  Canada 
to  assist  them  in  such  matters  as  thev  shall  think 
useful." 

This  gentleman,  win*  afterwards  became  the  first 
Koman  (.'atlndic  Archbishop  of  the  United  States, 
had  already  recL^ived  holv  orders  in  Europe,     lie 

I.  t.  L 

was  a  Jesuit  of  distinguished  theological  attain- 
ments, and  was  celebrated  tor  his  amiable  manner.s 
and  polished  address.  IJoth  of  the  Carrolls  were 
educated  in  Europe,  and  had  formed  connections  of 
the  most  intimate  kind  with  the  |>eoi)le  of  the  old 
world.     The  Kev.  John  Carroll  had  been  private 

'  Se:?  Journals  of  Congress,  vol.  ii,  ]>.  (1:2,  cilition  of  1800. 

-  Charles  Carroll  of  CarrolUon  was  clcctod  a  member  of  the  Congress 
by  Uie  Maryland  Convention  on  Uio  4th  of  July,  1770,  and  took  his  seat 
on  the  18th.  Ho  signed  (ho  Declaration  of  Iiulcpendence  on  the  12th  of 
August,  1770. 


lxTi{(»i»r(T(>i{v   .Mi:.M(»ii{. 


1!> 


tii(<.r  ill  till"  tViiiiily  cf  Lonl  Stoiirtmi,  witli  whom 
lie  iii.kIc  the  toiir  of  Kiirupt'  after  tlic  diss(»liiti(Hi  of 
tlit>  .Fcsiiits,  ,MM(l  iiiinlil,  tlicrcfoiT.  liaxc  Ijoeii  siip- 
|H»s('(l  to  lean  to  tlic  side  of  lovaltv;  hut  all  tlio 
iiiriiihfi's  of  liis  family  had  cn-ly  manifested  tlieir 
jiartiality  for  the  cohniies.  .Mr  Charh's  Carroll  of 
of  Carrolltoii.  also  a  l{oman  Catholic,  after  liiiish- 
iiii;-  his  studies  in  the  Temple  and  returiiiiii:-  to 
Marylaiul,  had  distiiii-uished  himself  l»y  his  con- 
troversy with  Damkl  Di'LAW.  the  urcat  leual 
luminary  of  Mai-ylaiid,  on  the  i>roclamation  and 
vestry  (|uestioiis/  and  had  intimated  his  residiition 
to  sustain  his  native  land  against  the  o|>|»r(>ssions 
of  the  ni(»ther  cDuntry.  The  one  was  an  humble 
luit  learned  cleruymaii;  the  other  an  independent 
lawyer  of  amjtle  fortune  and  ])roniisini>:  talents; 
hut  both  staked,  at  once,  their  lives  and  honor  on 
the  issues  of  the  <lay,  and  were  thus  pre])ared  to 
take  conspicuous  ])arts  in  the  approachin*;'  revo- 
lution. 

Whilst  congress  was  anxious  to  aid  the  cool 
Judu-ment  of  Franklin  by  the  iiitre[»idity  of  Chase 
and  the  courtly  address  (.f  Carroll,  it  went  still 
fui'ther,  and  requested  the  polished  churchimui  to 
unite  himself  with  the  expedition,  '-and  assist  the 
c:>mmissioners  in  such  things  as  they  might  think 
useful."     The  object  of  this,  although  not  entered 


'  S('(>    jroMalion's    History  of   Miirvhuul,  veil,   i,   \<.  :;,S8.  and   (jrrtMr.H 
(Jazt'ftc,  177:;. 


m 


In  ri{uiii(Toi{v   Mi:.M(»ii{. 


on  the  joiirn.'ils  of  coimrcss  (»r  cxiircsscd  in  ;my 
foniiMl  |»r(';mil)l('  to  tlir  vcsoliitions,  is  jicrt'cctly 
evident.  In  tlie  dcltiitcs  on  tlic  ('.in.-nl.i  l»ill,  in 
1774.  wo  jiro  intorniod  lli;it  tlioro  woro  ono  liun- 
(Irod  ;in<l  tit'tv  tlionsainl  Citliolics.  i\\u\  onlv  tlirco 
Inindrod  ;ind  sixty  I'roti'st.ints  witliin  the  liovcrn- 
ujont  of  tlic  province  of  (^ncUcc.'  ;ind  it  \\i\h 
tliciv'forc  ItclioNcd  tli.-it  one  of  tlic  surest  means 
of  jd'onipt  sneeess  >vitii  sueli  a  mass  of  ]{oniMU 
Catholics,  was  to  show  them,  hy  inflncntial  nuMi 
of  their  <»wn  <'i"eed,  that  tlieir  lirctliren  oNcr  the 
border,  were  uj*  in  arms  and  ready  to  «h)  battle 
in  defence  of  reliuious  and  jtolitical  liberty.  Three 
of  these  re))r(>scntatives  came  from  a  province  (»ri- 
liinallv  founded  l»v  t(derant  Catholics,  avIio  had 
recei\'Ml  a  tolerant  charter  even  from  a  biuoted 
kimi-.-^ 

Wo  have  seen  that  the  Uev.  ^Ir.  Carroll  was  an 
un(h)ubted  patriot,  ai>reeing  with  the  liberals  in  all 
their  views;  vet  it  miullt  bi»  asserted  that  he  was 


•i 


-*. 


1  Sec  Dehnt.'H,  &i\,  ]..  103. 

2  Wo  liold  tlic  opinion  thiit  no  act  could  Imve  bocii  li'ijiilly  passed  by 
our  colonial  Icgislutuvi'  in  ^laryland,  in  conformity  with  tlii'  charter  of 
Charles,  that  was  ixit  toi.kuant  in  its  character  to  all  religionists.  Our 
opinion  is  founded  on  ii  clause  in  the  twenty-second  section  of  that  instru- 
ment, which  declares  that  the  charter  shall  ho  expouiule(l  always  in  the 
most  favoralilo  and  beneticial  manner  for  thi^  benetlt  of  Lord  Baltimore, 
bis  heirs  and  assiijjns, — "  Proviso  semper  ipiod  ludla  tiat  interprctatio  per 
fpiam  saero-sancta  Dei  ct  vera  Clivisflinia  i-rlii/ia  aut  Ligeantia  nobis 
Incredibus  ot  succcssoribus  nostris  debita  imnuitati<ine  jirejudicio  vel  dis- 
pendio  in  ali(|Uo  jiatiantur  oo  quod  exjircssa  mentis,''  »S:c. 

lirwid  Clir'istianiiji  alone  is  here  referred  to,  and  that  was  not  to  sutler 
by  "change,  prejudice,  or  diminution.  ' 


InTIJoIU  (TolJV    Mi:.Mo||{. 


'J\ 


imt  jistiti('«l  ill  joiiiiiiu:  an  (>\])(><liti*)ii  tli.-it  would 
kiinllc  the  f1;mi('  of  religious  wiw  on  tlic  Citliolic 
frontier.  Siicii,  ccrtiiinly,  wms  ,m1so  Mr.  Cirroirs 
o|>iiiioii,  ;ni(I  lie  felt,  jis  deeply  ;is  iiny  ni.in  in 
the  colonies  that  reliuion  should  ne\er  heeonie  an 
auxiliary  of  strife,  and  that  it  was  his  duty,  as  a 
(•l(>ri:ynian.  to  allay,  if  jtossiMe.  the  anury  spirit  of 
the  tinu's  and  to  ])revail  on  the  disatVeet(>d  suhjeets 
of  liritain  to  maintain  their  alleuiain-e  hy  pn'sent- 
inu-  a  ho!'     'ont  to  .Ministerial  nnsrule. 

in  (»r(lei'.  therefore,  to  estimate  the  delicacy  of 
Mr.  ('arr(»irs  position,  we  must  recollect  that  at 
the  period  when  conuress  recjuii'dl  his  sei'\  ices,  the 
]M'os|>ect  of  reconciliation  with  the  kinu*  Avas  not 
entirely  i^hnt  out.  Appeals.  j)rotests.  and  I'enioii- 
strances  had  heen  tried  in  \ain.  All  the  ordinary 
etl'orts  {)^  p('i')<i((i^ioii  had  failed  to  )»i'o<luce  redress. 
In  such  a  state  of  thinus  it  would  seem  hut  reason- 
able that  a  patriotic  pi'iest,  who  regarded  his  duty 
to  his  country  as  n(>xt  to  that  he  <»\ved  to  (»od,  and 
who  was  zealous  for  the  religious  as  well  as  the 
]»olitical  freedom  (tf  his  hi'ethren.  should  seize  u|>on 
so  favorable  an  occasion  to  render  sei'\ice  (»f  last- 
inii"  value  to  the  larue.  con<[uered  mass  of  Canadian 
(^atholics,  lie  was.  i)i'rliaps,  about  to  obtain  a 
l)oon  for  himself;  he  desired  that  others  should 
particii)ate  in  its  benetits.  And  he  naturally  felt 
anxious  that,  when  civil  and  reliuious  liberty  wen^ 
for  ever  secured  to  the  c(donies,  the  subjects  north 


1/ 
,  ,1 


•>•) 


JnTHODIU TOUV    M  HMOIK. 


of  tlic  l;»k('s  slmiild,  jit   tlic   s.-nuc  tinio,  olttaiii   a 
periunnont  coiioessioii  <»t'  fair  and  (M|iial  laws. 

^[r.  Carn»ll  was,  tlicivfoiv,  vtM'v  properly  desir- 
ous to  identify  Canada  with  our  striiuu'lo  or  to 
])roeiirc  her  neutrality;  as,  from  lier  iuiposiiio-  size, 
her  eonmianding  u'eouraphical  })osition,  her  forei^'U 
l)o|»ulation,  and  her  reeent  disrn|)tion  from  France^ 
— her  resolved  attitude  of  detiaiiee  or  indiiVerenee 
would,  iu  all  ]»rol)al)ility,  strike  terror  into  the 
minds  of  the  headstrong-  Ministry;  and  thus,  hy 
o|)posin,<i;  the  forntidable  animosity  of  a  United 
Contineid,  we  should  ixnin  our  ends  and  iiij)  the 
war  in  its  ripening-  bud.'  !Mr.  Carroll's  a  iews, 
therefore,  were  eminently  paeitie,  and  their  wis- 
dom has  sinee  beiMi  fully  ])roved.  The  colonies 
oi)taine( 


I    tl 


leir    independeiuT 


whilst    Canada    re 


mains  a    disciuitented,  ri>fraetorv  provinee   of  the 


Ib'itish  empire, 


•  Sl'i'  tlif  Baltiiiioro  U.  S.  Ciitliolk'  iriiL!;ay.inr,  vol.  iv,  \y.t<^r  '2-j),  iiiiil 
IJri'iit's  Biignijiliy  of  Arelilii^lioji  Carroll,  ji.  (I'J. 


O 


lie  of  till'    wntov's    cai'licst    rrco 


llirt 


inns  is  (if  the   fiinoral   of  tli 


cxeclk'ut  prelate,  wliicli  was  cclchratcd  with  i;r('at  |i(im|)  at  IJaltiniorc,  ii 


IHlu,  and  attcndi'd  1 


IV  citizen: 


(if  all  Cliristian  (Icnnniinations. 


The  1( 


if  Archbislio])  Carroll  wa<  not  a 


to  llie  (liureli  over  -which  h 


jircsidcd  and  wliicli  he  may  he  >aid  to  have  founded  in  the  United  States, 
ilen  of  all  creeds  loved  him,  for  his  lil'e  had  hecn  one  of  tolerance,  cliarity, 
and  affeetioii.     His  career,  as  jiriest  and  |ir(date,  Inul  been  conceived  in 

ition  whicli,  whilst  it  uiilicld  lirmly  the 
truth  and  etlh'aev  of  his  own  creed,  still  regarded  tlio  [irotessors  of  other 
forms  as  entith'd  to  a  lilKTal  and  unbigoted  consideration.     This  ji;ood 

nrv- 


that 


it  of  Cliristian 


I  by  yi 


bislio]),  wlio  was  hing  mourned,  and  will  be  lonif  reniemliered 

]an(h'rs,  died  in  this  city,  at  the  age  of  eiglity,  on  the  Gtl  of  December, 

ISl.-). 


IXTROniTTOHY   MkMOIU. 


2:\ 


It  is  wortliy  of  spocinl  note  tlmt  Dr.  Fr.-uiUliii. 
Avli  -  now.  .-it  the  .'ulvMneed  ativ  of  seventy,  avms  sent 
oil  tliis  fMtiii'iiiiii;'  journev  to  Avrest  Cnnnda  from 
KiiLil.-nul  or  neutr.Mli/e  it.  lind  been  seventeen  years 
Itefore,  one  of  the  tirst  to  nru'e  its  eon(|nest  ui)on 
tlie  n;ot]ier  conntry.  AMhmi  lie  was  in  Jiondon  in 
17-")1>.  althongli  lie  had  no  interviews  Avitli  the 
niinistcM'.  his  conversation  on  American  atVairs 
was  always  res[»ectfMlly  heeded  l»y  nien  in  ])ower. 
and  '"it  has  Ixmmi  said  on  u'ood  authority,"'  declares 
Mr.  Suarks.  "that  the  expedition  auainst  Canada, 
and  its  conse(|uences  in  the  victory  of  Wolfe  at 
(^uehec  and  the  con(iiu>st  of  that  country,  may  \>c 
chietly  ascrilu^d  to  Franklin.  lie  disai)|)rove(l  the 
policy,  liy  which  the  ministry  had  hitherto  been 
U'uided.  of  carryinu'  on  the  war  against  the  Fi'ench 
ill  the  heart  of  (lermany.  wliei'e,  if  successful,  it 
would  end  in  no  real  uaiii  to  the  Uritish  nation, 
and  no  essential  loss  to  the  enemy.  In  all  compa- 
nies and  on  all  occasions,  he  uru'ed  tlu^  riMliu'tion 
of  Canada  as  an  ohject  of  the  utmost  importance, 
it  would  intlict  a  hlow  u})on  the  French  ])ower  in 
.VnuM'ica  from  which  it  could  iieNcr  recoNcr.  and 
which  would  have  a  lastinu'  intluence  in  adxaiic- 
iiiii'  the  pros|)(>rity  of  the  British  Colonics.  These 
sentinu'iits  he  coiiNcyed  to  the  niinisterV  friends, 
with  such  remai'ks  on  the  practicahility  of  the 
enter[)ris(\  and  the  manner  of  conductiuii'  it.  as 
his    intimate    kiiowledu'e    of    the    state    of    IhiiiLis 


A 


24 


Intuoductoky  Mkmoi  1{. 


.11 


ill  Aiuorica  enabled  liiiii  to  eoiinniinieate.  Tliev 
nijido  tlie  impression  lie  desired,  and  the  result 
verilied  liis  ])redietioii.'  ^ 

The  same  ripe  judu'iiient  that  diseeriied  the  im- 
portance of  Canada  for  Kngland,  in  order  to  give 
her  control  over  the  lakes  and  the  west,  a(loj)ted 
it  for  the  colonies  also,  and  thus  Franklin  Avas 
discreetly  selected  for  this  responsible  mission. 


ClIAl'TEK   J  I. 

Ox  the  2d  of  Ai)ril,  1770,  Fkanklix,  Chase, 
and  the  Carrolls,  properly  equipped  for  so  fatigu- 
iiiii;  a  iournev  of  more  than  four  hundred  miles, 
departed  from  the  city  of  Xew  York  in  a  sloop 
for  Albany. 

These  gentlemen  had,  of  course,  been  duly  com- 
missioned by  congress  "to  promote  or  to  form  a 
union  between  the  colonies  and  the  peojile  of 
Canada;"  and  on  the  20th  of  ^Nrarch,  thev  re- 
ceived  their  ample  instructions. 

They  were  told  to  represent  to  the  Canadians 
that  the  arms  of  the  United  Colonies  had  been 
carried  into  that  province  for  the  purpose  of  frus- 


Spnrks's  Writings,  v.-l.  i,  i,|.,  2-lH,  257. 


1111- 


I 
i 


IXTHODrCTOHY    Mk.MOIH. 


trntiiiLi'  the  desiuns  of  tlio  IJritisli  court  npiiust 
our  coiuinoii  liberties;  tliat  we  e.\])ecte(l  not  ouly 
to  defeat  tiie  liostile  maeliiiiatious  of  (ioxeruor 
(nrletoM  auainst  us,  but  that  we  slioukl  put  it 
ill  tlie  ]K)wer  of  our  Canadian  brethren  to  j)iirsiie 
sueli  measures  for  seeurini*-  tlieir  own  freedom 
and  liapi)iness  as  a  iienerous  love  of  liberty  and 
sound  p(dicy  should  dictate  to  them. 

They  were  desired  to  inform  them  that,  in  the 
judgment  of  congress,  their  interest  and  that  of 
the  colonies  were  inseparably  united.  That  it  was 
impossible  we  could  be  reduced  to  a  ser\ile  sub- 
mission to  (ireat  ]Jritain  witlntut  their  sharing  in 
our  fate;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  if  Ave  obtained, 
as  Me  doubted  not  we  should,  a  full  establishment 
of  our  rights,  it  depended  wholly  on  their  choice, 
whether  they  would  participate  with  us  in  those 
blessings,  or  still  remain  subject  to  every  act  of 
tyranny  which  British  ministers  should  pleas(>  to 
exercise  over  them. 

They  were  told  to  urge  all  such  arguments  as 
their  prudence  suggested  to  enforce  our  opinion 
concerning  the  mutual  interests  of  the  two  coun- 
tries, and  to  convince  them  of  the  im])ossibilitv 
of  the  war  being  conchuhMl  to  the  disadvantage 
of  the  colonies,  if  we  wiselv  and  Nigorouslv  co- 
<tperated  Avith  each  other.  To  con\ince  tlieni  of 
the  uprightness  of  our  intentions  towards  them, 
they  Avere  to   declare  that    it   was  the  inclination 


i 

2<) 


TNTHODrf'TOKY    Mk.MoIF^. 


of  congress  tliat  tlio  people  of  CaiuuLi  slioiild  set 
lip  such  a  form  of  goveriiineiit  as  would  lie  most 
likely,  in  tlieir  judgment,  to  ])romote  tlieir  lia])])i- 
ness.  And  tliey  were,  in  tlie  strongest  terms,  to 
assure  tliem  tliat  it  was  our  earnest  desire  to  adopt 
them  into  our  union  as  a  sister  colonv,  and  to 
secure  the  same  system  of  mild  and  e(|ual  laws 
for  them  and  for  ourselves,  with  oidy  such  local 
ditt'erences  as  miuht  be  aureeahle  to  each  colonv 
respectively. 

Thev  were  to  assure  the  Canadians  that  we  had 
no  ap[)rehensiou  f/iaf  the  French  would  take  auij  jxtrt 
with  Great  Britain;  hat  that  it  was  their  interest,  and, 
we  had  reason  to  believe,  their  inclination,  to  cultivate  a 
friend///  intercourse  with  these  colonies. 

From  this  and  such  other  reasons  as  might 
appear  most  proper,  they  were  charged  to  urge 
the  necessity  the  ])eoplc  Avere  under  of  immedi- 
ately taking  S(jme  decisive  stc})  to  ])ut  themselves 
within  the  protection  of  the  Ignited  Colonies.  For 
expediting  such  a  measure,  they  were  to  explain 
our  nu'thod  of  collecting  the  sense  of  the  i)eoi)le 
and  conducting  our  atfairs  reuularlv  hv  comnuttet^s 
of  (d)servation  and  inspection  in  the  several  dis- 
tricts, and  l»y  conventions  and  committees  of  safety 
in  the  several  colonies.  Thesi*  modes  were  to  he 
recommended  to  them.  The  nature  ami  princii)les 
of  government  among  freemen  Avere  to  he  fully 
explained.    dev(doping.    in    c(»ntrast    to   these,    the 


iNTnoDrcToHv  Mkmoiij. 


27 


base,  cruel,  and  insidious  desin-n.s  involved  in  tlie 
Irttc  act  of  parliament  for  iiiakin«,^  a  more  effectual 
provision  for  the  government  of  the  province  «.f 
(iuebec.^  Motives  of  <.•],, w  ;,nd  interest  were  to 
he  proposed  as  stimulants  to  the  Canadians  to 
unite  in  a  contest  hy  which  they  must  he  deeplv 
affected,  and  fhc>/  wnr  to  he  tatujht  to  aspire  to  a 
l>0)-thn  of  that  pawn-  hj  wliich  thcff  ivnr  rifled,  and 
not  fo  remnin  the  were  spoih  and  pre//  of  their  eon- 
qtierors. 

They  were  directed,  further,  to  dcrlare  that  we 
held  sacred  the  rif/hts  of  conscience:  and  should  promise 
to  the  whole  people,  solemnli/,  in  the  name  of  conr/ress, 
the  free  and  undisturbed  cvercise  of  their  relifum;  and 
to  the  clercp/  the  full,  perfect,  and  peaceahl-e' possession, 
and  enjo/pnent  of  all  their  estates  .-—that  the  r/overn- 
nient  of  erer//  thimj  relative  to  their  creed  and  clerf/f/ 
should  be  left,  entirel>/,  in  the  hands  of  the  f/ood  people 
of  that  province,  and  such  lef  stature  as  thej)  should 
constitute;  provided,  however,  that  all  other  denomina- 
tions of  Christians  should  be  e<pailli/  entitled  to  hold 
offices,  and  enjo>/  civil  privile/p's  and  the  free  e.vereisr 
of  their  relifon,  as  well  as  be  totalli/  exempt  from  the 
pa>/ment  of  ant/  tithes  or  ta.ves  for  the  support  of  re- 
lifion. 

They  were  desired   to  press  for  a  convention  of 
the  peo]de,  a  speedy  oruanization  of  government, 


^1 


•  The  "Quebec  act,"  ijussed  June,  1774. 


.1 


2H 


InTRODUCTOUY    M KMOI  1{. 


and  union  Avitli  the  colonics.  The  toiMus  of  tlie 
union  should  he  siniihir  to  those  of  the  other 
colonies;  and,  if  our  terms  Avere  acceded  to,  they 
were  to  ])roniise  our  defence  of  the  Canadians 
au'ainst  all  enemies, 

A  free  ^^r.s.s"  Wffs  to  he  csfdbHahciI,  and  the  com- 
uussioners  Avere  io  settle  all  disputes  betwixt  the 
Canadians  and  continental  troops.  They  were  to 
reform  all  abuses,  to  enforce  peace  and  good  order, 
and  were  empowered  to  sit  ami  vote  iu  couiu'ils  of 
war;  to  erect  or  demolish  fortifications,  and  to 
suspend  military  ofiHcers  from  the  exercise  of  their 
commissions  until  the  i)leasure  of  congress  should 
he  known. 

Jn  additional  instrnctions,  they  were  emiutwered 
and  directed  to  encourage  the  trade  of  Canada  with 
the  Indians,  an<l  to  assure  the  Canadians  that  their 
Joreif/n  romincrce  should  he  juit  on  the  same  footing 
as  that  of  the  United  Colonies.^ 

Armed  Avith  their  commission  and  these  instruc- 
tions, our  travellers  de])arted,  as  Ave  have  seen,  on 
the  2d  of  A])ril,  from  the  city  of  Xew  York;  hut  it 
was  not  until  the  21)th — nearlv  a  month  afterwards 
— that  they  reached  their  destination  at  Montreal. 
The  details  of  this  ex[)edition  Avill  be  found  iu  the 
accompanviuii'  diarv  of  !Mr.  Carroll  of  Carrollton, 
and    the   reader  can   not   fail    to   be   pleased  Avith 


'  Sou  these  instriK'tions  at  large  in  tlie  Aiiier.  Areliivos,  vol.  v,  ji.  -111. 


IXTKODI'CTOIJV    MkMoIIJ. 


20 


the  pntiont  .mikI  iii+eivstino-  ii?nTati\o  of  the  jour- 
nnlist. 

It  sooms  from  tliis  (lociiinont.  mid  tlio  chitcs- 
poiuloiioo  of  I'miikiiii,  tli.-it  tlio  Doctor  nMiiniiu'd 
ill  ^rontronl  until  tlio  lltli  of  M.-iy.— a  tow  days 
only  after  the  al)andonnient  of  (^iiehec  l»v  our 
troops. — Mild  was  joinod,  on  the  followino-  morn- 
iiiii-,  hy  the  Uov.  Mr.  John  Carroll  at  St.  Johns. 
Dr.  Franklin's  health  had  siitfered  i-reatly  hy  the 
Journey,  and  he  soon  ])er('eive(l  that  his  efforts  in 
Canada  would  he  of  no  a\ail.  On  the  contrary, 
he  saw  that  ])ul)lic  opinion  was  setting-  stroiiulv 
a.u-ainst  the  colonies,  that  the  army  was  in  a 
wretched  condition,  that  the  mouth  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  was  lost,  and  that  jtowerful  reinforce- 
ments would  ]n'ol)ahly  soon  arrive  from  abroad. 
He  therefore  left  Canada  to  younger  and  more 
hopeful  men,  and  de]»arted  with  his  clerical  friend, 
who  had  l>eeii  e(pially  unsuccessful. 

The  object  of  this  mission  was  doubtless  two- 
fold:  tirst,  to  induce  the  Catholics  to  join  us,  or 
remain  neutral;  and  secondly,  to  make  such 
military  demonstrations  as  would  secure  us  the 
])rovinco  i/i  t^pifc  of  \h  people.  To  the  tirst  of 
these  objects  the  Rev.  Mr.  Carroll  immediately 
addressed  himself,  and  it  seems  that,  within  ten 
days  after  his  arrival  in  :\rontreaI,  all  his  diplo- 
macy ])roved  ineffectual. 


»..'.  « 


;jo 


Intkodictohv  .Mkmoiu. 


''\\  liilc  tlic  <'i»iniiiissi()ii(M"s  were  npplyiii^'  tlioin- 
solv(>s."'  s;iys  ]\Ir.  (Vnnpbcll  in  liis  (wccllciit  iiio- 
iHoir.'  "with  their  cliMractc'ristic  ;u'(l(»r  to  tlio 
t'liltiliiHMit  of  tlu'ir  trust,  tlic  K('\ .  Mr.  C.-irntll, 
Avliosc'  oxertioiis  were  of  ;i  (liU'erciit  cli.'irMctor,  was 
ililii-viitly  ciiii»lo_V('(l  ill  \isitiiiL>'  tlu'  clci-iiy,  and 
(•(tiiferrinii'  "witli  iiuli\  i<liials  anion*;-  tlicni.  Jlc  cx- 
lilaint'd  to  tlioni  tlio  natui'c  of  the  (litfercnci'S 
liotwecn  Kiiiuland  and  tlic  United  Colonies,  sliow- 
in,u'  that  tlie  resistaiK-u  of  tlie  hitter  was  caused 
l>y  invasions  of  tlieir  charters,  and  viohitions  of 
well  known  and  lonjj;  reeou'iiized  iti'inciples  of  the 
Uritisli  constitution.  To  this  the  clerii'v  replied 
that,  since  tlu^  ac(iuisitioii  of  Canada  by  the  British 
fi'overnment,  its  inhabitants  had  no  au'ressions  to 
coiii|i]ain  of;  that,  on  th<»  contrary,  government 
]ia<l  faithfully  coni[)lied  with  all  the  stijuilations 
of  the  treaty,  and  had  in  fact  sanctioned  and  jn-o- 
tected  the  ancient  laws  and  customs  of  Canada, 
evcMi  so  far  as  to  allow  the  rreiich  judicial  or- 
ii-aiiizatioii  and  forms  of  law,  with  a  delicacy 
that  demandiMl   their  respect   and  gratitude.     The 

1  St'c  I^il'i'  iiiid  Times  of  ArLlibislioii  Ciirrull,  liy  15.  I'.  (';iiiii)Lcll. — 
r.  S.  Caf/mlir  M(i</)izitir,  vol,  iii,  ji.  214,  iVf. 

.Mr.  Camiibi'll  stales,  in  ii  Icttoi'  to  uw,  tliiit  "tlio  pait  (akin  liy  tlio 
Ecv.  Mr.  Carroll  in  Canada  was  coninmnicatcd  to  liini  liy  Dr.  Pcnwici'C, 
bishop  of  Boston,  a  personal  friond  of  Archbishop  Caroll,  who,  in  a 
visit  to  Canada,  met  an  aged  Canadian  priest  wlio  had  seen  Dr.  Carroll 
there,  and  i;;ave  Dr.  Fenwiek  an  aeconnt  nf  wliat  jiassed  l)etwi'en  Dr. 
Carroll  and  the  Canadian  eU'riry,  witli  liis  disapjirobation  of  the  course  of 
Dr.  Carroll  in  endeavoring  to  enli>t  tiie  Cathnlie  eleri^y  en  the  side  of  the 
United  Colonii's.  ' 


IXTIU>l)i:(ToKV   .Mi;M()||{. 


:u 


oil 


(I 


Rev.  3Ir.   Cam.ll   tlicii   ivpiv.-^ciited  to  tlioin   tlmt 
oonoTcss  lind  expressly  .stipulated  that  if  the  C.-mM- 
diaiis  would  unite  with  tlie  eoli.nies  in  the  asser- 
tion  of  their  eoustitutioual   riohts,  their  relioi„n. 
its  institutions,  and  the  property  of  the  religious 
orders  ami  ooniniunities  should   he  j.rotecte.I  and 
guarantied;    and   that  Catholies,   instead  of  heinn- 
merely  tolerate.l  as  by  Eno-hnid,  should  have  e.pial 
rights  with  the  ])rofessors   of  all   other  religions. 
To  these  assurances  the  Cajiadians  replied  that, 
tlie  score  of  relioiou.s  liberty,  the  JJritish  govern 
Juent  had  left  them  nothing  to  c(unj»lain  of  ,,r  t 
desire;  that  they  were  then  in  possessicm  of  all  the 
ecclesiastical  property  which  they  had  held  at  the 
timo  of  the  cession  of  Canada,  that  their  nui.KM.ms 
and  important  missions  weiv  tloui-ishing,  and  their 
religious  societies  felt  entire  contidence  in  the  i.ro- 
tecti(m   of  the  g(»vernment,  whose  officers  carri(>d 
their  courtesy  and  ]-esi»ect  so  far  as  to  jiay  military 
honors  to  the  jnihlic  religious  exercises,  a  conspicu- 
ous evidence  of  which  was.  that  the  government 
actually  furnished  a  military  escort  to  accompany 
the  grand  processions  on   the   festival    of  Corpus 
Christi.     And.  therefore,  that  uj.on  the  Avell  estah- 
lished  principle  that  allegiance  is  due  to  protection. 
the  clergy  could  not  teach  that  neutrality  was  con- 
sistent   with    the    allegiance   due    to    such    ami)h> 
])rotection  as  Great  J3ritain  had  shown  the  Cath- 
olics of  Canada. 


•  ".i 


>. 

:i 

\ 

;|' 

* 

H 

!. 

(, 

>;' 

i,:' 

M 


32 


TNTHoDrrroHv  Mmmoiu. 


"The  jiulicious  nml  liluMvil  ])(>li('y  (»t*  tlio  IJritisli 
govornuu'iit  t<»  tlic  C.-itliolics  li.-id  siu'cccdod  in 
inspiriiiij;'  tluMii  witli  soiitinu'iits  of  l<»_v,ilty,  wliidi 
tlic  condiict  of  tlic  |K'(»|»U'  Mild  tlic  |>ul)iK'  Itndios 
of  sonic  of  the  United  Colonics  lind  served  to 
stron<;tli{'n  ;ind  coiitinii.  It  >V!is  rcnicnibcrcd,  and 
stated  to  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Carroll,  tliat  in  the  colo- 
nies wln»sc  liberality  he  was  now  avoiicliiiiiu',  the 
Catholi<t  religion  had  not  been  tolerated  hitherto. 
]*riests  were  excluded  under  severe  pi  nalties,  and 
Catholic;  missionaries  anioiiii'  the  Indians  rudely 
and  cruelly  treated.  His  e.\j)lanation  that  these 
harsh  nieasurcs  were  the  result,  in  a  "ireat  i»art, 
of  the  laws  of  the  royal  government,  did  not 
satisfy  the  Canadians  of  the  favorable  dispositions 
of  those  who,  though  prompt  and  valiant  in  the 
defence  of  their  jiolitical  rights,  had  jiever  mani- 
fested a  corresi)on(lent  sensibility  in  sujtport  of 
the  sacred  rights  of  c(tnscience  Avhen  Catholics 
were  concerned.  The  friends  of  the  royal  govern- 
ment had  assiduously  ])ointed  out  inconsistencies 
between  the  address  of  the  continental  congress  to 
the  people  of  dlreat  JJritain  and  that  addressed  to 
the  peojde  of  Canada. 

"liy  the  'Quebec  act,'  i)assed  by  parliament,  it 
was  provided  that  his  majesty's  subjects  professing 
the  religion  of  the  church  of  Home,  of  and  in  the 
said  province  of  Quebec,  may  have,  hold,  and 
onjov   the   free   exercise    of    the    reliuion    of    the 


iNTUilDrCTUin     MKMnll}. 


m 


cliiircli  of  R.tiiic.  iS:c..  Mild  ili;.t  tlic  clcruv  of  tlio 
s;ii(l  cliiircli  iiiMV  li<»l(l.  rccciNc.  .-hkI  ciijov  tlicir 
.•icciistoincd  (lues  mikI  i-i,ulits,  witli  rcsiicct  to  such 
])(M-s<>iis  only  ;is  sli;ill  ]»rofoss  the  s.-iid  rcliuioii. 
Tlioy  were  ;ilso  excused  from  tjikiiii;-  the  o.-ith  re- 
«|uired  hy  the  st;itiit(>  of  1st  Kliznheth,  or  jiiiy 
other  ojith  siihstitiited  hy  other  acts  in  tli(>  place 
thereof,  A:c. 

"rnfortiiiiately.  the  address  of  congress  to  tlie 
people  of  (ireat  IJritaiii,  ado|)ted  the  iMst  of  Oc- 
tober,  1774.  had  used  tlie  fojlowiiiu-  jauuuaijc  in 
roference  to  tlu'  '(^uelu'c  act:' 

'"Xor  can  we  suppress  our  astonislmieut  tliat  a 
Hritish  parliament  should  ever  consent  to  estahlish 
in  that  counti-y  a  reliuioii  that  has  deluued  your 
island  in  blood,  and  dis[)ersed  impiety,  bigotry, 
persecution,  murder,  and  rebellion  thi-ouuh  evei'v 
part  of  the  Avorld.'  .Vnd  "that  we  thiidv  the  legis- 
lature of  (ireat  IJritain  is  not  authorized  by  the 
('i>nstituti<»n  to  establish  a  religion  fraught  witli 
sanguinary  and  imi»ious  tenets,'  cS:c. 

"After  sentiments  wliicli  did  their  re]igi(»n  s(» 
mueli  injustice,  the  Canadian  clergy  were  not  dis- 
posed to  receive  witli  much  favor  the  follow- 
ing deelarations  of  the  same  congress  in  their 
'Address  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  ])rovince  of 
(iuebee:'  'We  are  too  well  ac(piainted  with  the 
liberality  of  sentiment  distinguishing  your  nation. 
t(t   imagine  tbat   diHerence  «»f  religion  will  i)reju- 


84 


TnTH(iI>I'<To|;v    Mr.Moll}. 


(lice  voii  jiiiMiiist  ;i  licMi'tv  ••iiiiitv  wltli  us.  Voii 
know  tli.it  tlie  transn'Mdciit  iiMturc  (tf  fivccloiii 
olov!it(>s  tliosi'  wli(»  n\\\{{}  ill  licr  c.-iusc^  }il>t»\t>  ;ill 
siu-li  l(»\v-iirni(l('(l  iutii'iiiitics.  'VUo  Swiss  <';nit(tiis 
i'lirnisli  m  incnKU'.'ililo  juvxtf  of  tiiis  ti'iitli.  'riicii* 
iniioii  is  cuniposcd  ol'  Koiium  ('.itiiolic  jiiid  l'n»- 
tcstiUit  stntcs,  liviiiti'  in  tlic  iitniost  cinicnnl  jiiid 
|>(\'U'(;  witli  (>ii(»  .'iixttiicr,  .'iihI  tlicrdiy  ciialdcd. 
ever  siiu'o  tlicy  hravcly  viiidicatcd  their  iVccdoin, 
t(»  di'fv  and  dct'eat  cmtv  tvraiit  tliat  lias  in- 
\adod   tlKMii,""' 

The  Kov.  Mr.  Carndl,  liavinii:  thus  failed  in  liis 
j»art  of  the  mission,  joined  Dr.  Franklin  and  re- 
turned to  the  south.  Meanwhile,  however,  Messrs. 
Chase   and  (arroll  of  Carrolltoii    had   been    busv 


1  "Nothing  can  exhibit  more  ch'nrly  the  Imd  cHecfs,  iipim  tlu'  Cana- 
(liaiis,  of  thn  iidcji'i's.s  to  tho  Uritish  pcojilc,  than  tlif  Ibllowiiii^  coiitciniio. 
rant'oiis  k'tter,  com  prised  ainoii;^  tiu!  rovolutioiiary  docuiiu'iits  ri'tcntiy 
jiiitilished  by  order  of  congress. 

"  Extract  of  a  letter  from  Caiiadu,  (hited  IMoiitreal,  !Mareli  24,  177.'). 

"'The  address  from  the  Continental  Congress  attracted  the  notice  of 
some  of  the  princi]ial  Canadians  ;  it  was  soon  translated  into  very 
tolerable  French.  The  decent  manner  in  which  the  religious  matters 
were  touched,  the  encomiums  on  the  Freni-l;  nation,  llattered  a  people  fond 
of  eompliments.  They  begged  tho  tra;is''<i  r,  as  he  had  succeedetl  .-o 
well,  to  try  bis  band  on  that  addressed  to  (J.  .'at  Hritain.  Jle  had  ecpnil 
(•uccess  in  this,  and  read  his  jierfornnm' e  '.o  a  numerous  audience.  JJut 
when  he  came  to  that  part  which  neiivs  of  the  new  modeling  of  the 
province,  draws  a  |iicture  of  Ibe  Catholic  religion,  nnd  Canadian  num- 
iiers,  they  could  not  contain  their  resentment,  nor  exju'css  it  but  in 
broken  curses,  't)  the  perliilious  double-faced  Congress!  Let  us  ble^s 
and  obey  otii-  benevolent  rrince,  whose  humanity  is  consistent,  and  ex- 
tends to  all  religions  ;  let  us  abhor  all  who  would  seduce  us  from  our 
loyalty,  by  acts  that  would  dishonur  a  Jesuit,  and  whoso  addresses,  like 
their  re.-olv(>s,  arode»lruciive  of  iheirown  objects.'  " — A>neric<ni  Arc/iiccs, 
vol.  ii,  ]i.  -31. 


i 


/  i 


X.   V 


-e.     Ki  V..'  .1 


34 


lNTK"l»r'  'U^u\     M  ■'  !.r 


;,   |j,...-ri>.r}U!i'   ;.«r.  f't   of  thi.-i  trii(-h.     Tiu-ir 

.-^''.-n    i~  i-  i    ..f   Kt'iniu?    (at  li'»li''   ;iii.l    Vro- 

|ir  .,     )}iV)t]i('r,    hjhI     ill  ■r<f>y    t*;-,nhl  m1, 

•   fli<'y  braycly  ^irMlit';ted    tlioir  tVr'tloin, 
iv  iiiu    <!ercat:    <H«r%    tvrj^nl    t}i»<    Juis    iu- 

MukM.!    thciii.'    ' 

The  i\('\ .  Mr.  (arrnll,  iia\i!i:j  lUiis  tailed  ii;  his 
part  of  llic  inission.  j'tiuod  Ur.  Franklin  and  re- 
tuiTied  in  til':  south.  .Mt-anwhilo.  ho\.'  wt.  Messrs, 
("liasc   and  <  arroll   of  (arr(>lltoij    had    hetn    Knsv 


1  "  Ndtliiiig  can  cxliiMl  more  olfarly  llic  hu<l  (.'it.-.-i,  iipi-"  \hf  t'tina- 
(lifttiSjof  Ihe  uOilroiS  \o  the  I<riti.«l'  |ii>o[i!i  .  tium  tiio  foll'iwu.y;  t  .*iitfii)]'.ii- 
T«neoii8  lc'tti;r,  compri»(.d  lUh  'iii;  the  rev  liiititinury  'liicuuirivt.s  rtx'i'Ully 
i,t!J»lii!hetl  by  ordor  of  tongre-:!*. 

Evtracl  ol'a  li'ti^'r  frum  ("niuc.'a,  •huuil  Muntreal,  "MiinL  24,  1TT"<. 

"  rUt  a<l.lvi"'s«i  fV.Mi)  I'u-  1  ■intirii'ijtal  C"!;g»T'Sj  ftt!i'i».vti''l  li",  iM/ic".'  >.'\' 
F')(,i--  vf  th''  (i?';ie '(Ml!  <'i;iii>.ii-i!.-.  .  'A  uj<!j  -i«'i!>  rrij(,f ^st.'il  h\0  very 
t>iliTsib!r   J'r*ru-h.     'tlf   Arv  -v..   uirilli  :^ 

•  i   ■,  ■■  i-Hi-  hru    till'  I'licolliiuriir  ■  .       .  .•,;*•"">;■''•  T<>{:ii 

'      i  .;|j';'«.^-ti;,-t.      Tl><?y  l«'^;i:;iHt    is.-  fni^jlni.'-.   as    lio   hji'l   sun-i!.'.!:".    ^o 

■■.-I.'  ■  '      h  iliMf  ■t.ldr•^i^'  i  !"  (i!-c:<i    liri'iiir,      !/.?  Ip'v'  ..  ;,:nl 

^  ■.    .  r)   ]<■■!  i;-";'...;';<5.Ui' >•   '■■  a  IiDM;;  fil-i  »!ii  ,1^  ;,  .<■       'Hut 

;                                    ■    ;  '           ':  ■■^-   ^;.^;;.»,      f.  .;i>:>r-,  .i-fiU  1  ,i(i-'l!iin  iiiiiii- 

!■    .     •              '  •  ■    t    »•  ^  ■ii"'i'^     ■        ■■X'-rr  ^  ji   hut   jti 

tj    >  ■•  ■             '■  :■'•     ivnci  <  ,,.'( ;f<  i»i !     I..I '   iiR  bii'.-.-; 

'   -  t..  ■      ^  ;■> inuy  is  (;i-.r.<ii'1.ori'..  -in  I  ■  ■••- 

-    ■       ;      '  ■.   '                 i*  •  s    vV'nifif  M  •iiu-i>  xu  c^ii'ji  oiii- 

■•'  .'   '1;;'.   Ml' f  wh(i«V'  ■n.liin'wos',  Ilk'' 

'i  ■!•  ■    ~  Anitricoii  Arcltlveii, 

If.'       -i       l>      "i*^" 
\  *  ♦  »  (     I  »  .     I '        Ji  " 


'I 


IV" 


J  ^  m  ^  S  IL.      C  !£C  J<i  a  !£■ 


JXTKODUCTOKV   .MhmoIK. 


.T) 


with  the  military  pnrt  «»f  tlieir  cDilwssy.     On  tho 
•  biy  after  their  arrival  at  Montreal,  they  attended 
a   council   of  war/  in   which   it   was   resolved   to 
fortity  Jacques    Cartier,— the    Falls   of  Richelieu, 
an  inijiortant  post  between  Quebec  and  :\rontreal, 
—and   to   build  six   gondolas  at   Chamblay,  of  a 
proper    size    to   carry   heavy   cannon,   and'  to    be 
under    the    direction    of   Arnold.      IJut    disasters 
thickened    around    the    insurgents.       The   small- 
pox had  broken  out  among  the  troops,  and  was 
making    deep    inroads    upon    their    scanty    num- 
bers.     Tho   Canadians    showed    no    symptoms    of 
sympathy  with   the   colonists,  and,  to   crown   the 
whole,  bad  news  was  soon  received  from  the  be- 
siegers at  Que1>ec. 

On  the  1st  of  :\ray.  General  Thomas  had  taken 
i-.ommand  at  the  capital,  and  found  by  the  returns 
that,  out  of  nineteen  hundred  men,  there  Avere  not 
more  than  a  thousand,  including  otficers,  who  were 
tit  for  duty:  all  the  rest  were  invalids,  chietly 
afflicted  with  smallpox.  There  were  several  posts 
to  bo  defended  by  this  trifling  force,  and  at  such 
distances  from  each  other  that  not  more  than  tlir(>e 
hundred  men  (;ould  be  rallied  to  the  relief  of  anv 
onc  of  them,  should  it  bo  assailed  by  the  whole 
forco  of  the  enemy.  IJesides  this,  there  were  l)ut  ' 
one  hundred  aii.l  fifty  jiounds  of  powder,  and  (.nly 


VM: 


'  See  Aiiirridui  Anliivcs,  vol.  v.  j,.  lir,G. 


» 


m 


Intkodictohv  .Mk.moik. 


six  tlays'  ju'ovisioiis  in  the  cam]),  wliilst  tlioir 
Freiu-li  iioiglilxn's  were  so  disaffected  towards  the 
colonists  that  supplies  were  procured  with  the 
greatest  difficulty. 

On  the  fifth,  a  cnuucil  of  war  was  held,  and  it 
was  resolved  to  remove  the  invalids,  artillery, 
batteaux,  and  stores  higher  up  the  river,  so  as 
to  prevent  our  being  cut  off*  by  water  from  the 
interior  posts  in  the  event  of  the  arrival  of 
reinforconients  to  the  enemv.  But,  on  the 
evenim>:  of  the  same  dav,  intelliuence  was  re- 
ceived  in  the  American  camp  that  fifteen  ships 
were  forty  leagues  below  Quebec,  hastening  up 
the  river;  and  early  next  morning  five  of  them 
hove   in    sight. 

General  Thomas^  immediately  gave  (U'ders  to 
embark  the  artillery  and  sick  in  the  batteaux, 
whilst  the  enemy  began  to  laiul  their  troo])s. 
About  noon  a  bodv  of  the  British,  a  thousand 
strouii',  formed  into  two  divisions  in  cidumns  of  six 
deep,  and  su])))orted  with  a  train  of  six  [)ieces  of 
cnnnon,  aitacked  our  sentinels  and  main  guard. 
Our  officers  made  a  stand  for  a  moment  on  the 
plains,  with  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  men  and 
one  field  piece  only,  when  the  order  for  retreat 
was  given  and  our  encami)ment  was  precipitately 
deserted.      In  the  confusion  all    our   cannon    and 


'  lie  clit'd  uf  smuUpox  soon  after  tlio  retroiit  to  Sorcl. 


y 


I N TKOJ) L'CTO U V   .M E.M( ) I K . 


m 


ammunition  fell  into  the  enomy's  hands,  and  it  i.s 
believed  that  about  two  hundred  of  our  invalids 
were  made  prisoners.  Followino-  the  course  of 
the  river,  our  broken  army  tied  towards  Montr(>al, 
and,  lialtino-  f,,!-  n  ^vhilo  at  Desehambault,  linally 
retreated  alono-  tlie  St.  Lawrenee,  until  it  made  a 
stand  at  Sorel.^  And  thus  (^lebec  was  lost  for 
ever  to  the  eidonists. 

Meantime  the  eommissioners  had  kei)t  uj)  a 
faithful  eorrespondeneo  with  congress,  and  thev 
continued  it  until  their  departure  from  Canada. 
Their  manuscrii)t  letters,  ])reserved  in  the  de])art- 
ment  at  Washington,  are  dated  on  the  1st,  8th, 
10th,  KJth,  aiul  27th  of  May.-  The  last  of  these' 
])erhai)s,  is  the  most  interestino-  of  the  series,  and, 
as  it  o-ives  the  results  of  their  examinations,  we 
shall  let  it  si)eak  for  itself,  especially  as  the 
'•written  report"  made  to  conoTess  by  :Messrs. 
Chase  and  Carroll,  on  the  12th  of  June,  177(), 
could  not  with  the  niost  diliuvnt  search  be 
found    in    Washinoton. 


'See  tl.o  lottors  of  Gfiu-ral  Thomas  tu  tlu-  Commissioners,  May  7tl, 
l..(j;    ami  of  Generul   Arnold  to  Gonoral  Scluivlcr,   Mav   10     ITTO  J 
Anirricnn  Archlrrs,  vol.  vi,  pp.  451,  432.  '  ..         >  • 

-  Sco  American  Arcliivos,  vols.  V  and  vi. 


8H 


iNTHODlt'ToKV   MkMoIH. 


''The  Commissioners  in  Canada 

"To  THE  TkESIDEXT  OF  CoNCiUESS: 


''III  our  last  we  intoriiicHl  ymi  of  the  deplorable 
state  of  the  ariiiv;  matters  have  not  mended  since, 
Vsii  MQvi  to  '.,:■  mouth  of  *S'o/Y'^  last  week,  where  we 
found  all  things  in  confusion;  there  is  little  or  no 
discipline  {^1.  Mig  ^.  >.ir  troops,  nor  can  any  he  ke])t 
up  while  tlie  practice  of  enlisting  lor  a  twelve- 
month continues;  the  general  officers  are  all  of 
this  opinion.  Your  arm//  /.s  hadf/j  jnud;  (nid  m 
exhausted  is  f/our  credit  that  even  a  cart  can  nut  he 
procured  icithout  ready  money  or  force.  A\"e  will 
iiive  you  an  instance  of  the  lowness  of  vour  credit. 
Three  barrels  of  gunpowder  were  ordered  from 
Chamhla;/  to  Montreal;  this  powder  was  brought 
from  Chanihlat/  to  a  ferrv,  about  three  miles  off, 
where  it  would  have  remained  had  we  not  luckily 
passed  by,  and,  seeing  the  distress  of  the  officer, 
undertaken  to  pay  ready  and  hard  money  for  the 
hire  of  a  cart  to  convey  it  to  JjOia/ueil.  The  army 
is  in  a  distressed  condition,  and  is  in  want  of  the 
most  necessary  articles — meat,  bread,  tents,  shoes, 
stockings,  shirts,  cS:c.  The  greatest  part  of  those 
who  fled  from  Quehec  left  all  their  baggage  behind 


I^^-]- 


TXTKODLTTOHV    M  i:.M(tI  H. 


BQ 


tliem,  or  it  Avas  plmKlercd  ]>y  those  avIk.so  times 
were  out,  and  lia\c  .since  left  (Wnmhf.  A\'e  are 
informed  by  Colonel  J//m  ihd  the  mm  who,  from 
pretended  wdispoHitio)),  had  heen  excmed  from  doim/ 
di(f//,  were  the  foremost  in  the  fir/ht,  and  carried  of 
such  burdens  on  their  hacks  as  hartt/  and  sttmt  nint 
would  labor  under. 

'•A\'it]i  diflfieulty  tliree  liundred  tents,  and  alx.ut 
two  hundred  eami>-kettles,  were  ])roenred  liere.  and 
sent  to  the  Sorel  tor  the  use  of  the  army,  and  were 
delivered,    as    we   were    infoi-med.    to    one    Majc.r 
Fuller,  who  aeted   in    thc^   room    of  Mr.    CampM/. 
deputy    <iuartermaster-general.    wIk.     li.-id    joim-d 
the   army  at   tlie  Sore!  hut    a  day  or  two   before 
our    arrival,    where,    aniono-    „ther    instances    of 
mismanagement,   we   give   the   following:    Colonel 
Nicholsons  regiment,   consisting  (»)dy  of  one  hun- 
dred   men,    received    thirty   tents    and   thirty-one 
campdvettles;    Colonel    Porters  regiment,   ii(»t    ex- 
ceeding that  number,  received  tifty-six   tents  and 
thirty-three  kettles. 

"Your  army  in  Canada  do  not  exceed  four  thou- 
saiul;  above  four  hundred  ai-e  sick  with  ditlerent 
disorders;  three-fourths  of  the  arm>/  have  not  had  the 
smallpox.  The  greater  part  of  (ireatons,  Jiona's, 
and  Burreirs  regiments  ha\e  been  lately  inocu- 
lated. There  are  about  eiijht  tons  of  (junpowdcr  in 
the  colontj.  To  e\ince  the  great  distress  W(^  ai-e 
re<luced  to  for  want  of  bread,  we  must  inform  vou 


t       *  . 


IxTuoDrcToiiv  Mkmoih. 


that  we  woiv  oliliu'cd  t<>  buy  tliii'ty  loaves  of  l»rea»l 
of  our  baker  to  feed  Colonel  Dc  J/ffts  (l(>tacliiuent, 
which  eiitere<l  this  town  Fr'nhi)/  niuht,  on  their  way 
to  join  (jieneral  Jntold  at  Ln  Chive,  and  who  couhl 
not  be  su])|»lied  by  tlie  coniniissary.  Such  is  our 
extreme  want  of  flour  that  we  were  vesterdav 
obliii;ed  to  sfize  by  force  iifteen  barrels  to  supply 
this  garrison  with  bread.  lVe\  ions  to  this  seizure  a 
general  order  Avas  issued  to  the  town-major  to  wait 
on  the  merchants,  or  otluM's  having  ])rovisions  or 
merchandise  for  sale,  re<pu'sting  a  delivery  of  what 
«tur  troo]»s  are  in  immediate  Avant  of.  aiul  requir- 
ing him  to  give  a  recei})t,  expressing  the  (piantity 
delivered;  for  the  ])ayment  of  which  the  faith  of 
the  United  Colonies  i«  i»ledu'ed  bv  vour  commis- 
sinners.  Xothing  but  the  most  urgent  necessity 
can  justify  such  harsh  nu'asures;  but  men  with 
arms  in  their  hands  will  not  starve  when  provi- 
sions can  bo  obtained  by  force.  To  ])revent  a 
general  ])lunder,  which  might  end  in  the  massacre 
of  v(uir  troops,  and  of  manv  of  the  iidiabitants.  we 
have  been  constrained  to  a<lvise  the  general  to  take 
this  step.  We  can  not  conceal  our  concern  that 
six  thousand  men  should  l)e  ordered  to  Vaiuaht, 
without  taking  care  t(t  have  magazines  formed  tor 
their  subsistence,  cash  to  ])ay  them,  or  to  pay  the 
iidiabitants  for  their  labor,  in  transporting  the  bag- 
gage, stores,  and  provisions  of  the  army.  We  can 
not  tind  words  stroiiu'  enough  to  describe  (Uir  mis- 


Jntkoductuky  Mkmoiu. 


41 


(T.-.l)lo    situation;    y„u    Mill    ],avc>    a    taint   idea    (,t* 
it  if  you  tio-ure  to  yourself  an  army  brokon  and 
dislie.-irtonod,    half    of    it    under    iiioculation,    or 
under  other  diseases:   soldiers  Avithout  pay,  with- 
out   diseii)line,    and    altogether    reduced    to    live 
from   hand   to   mouth,    dependino-    „n   the   .scanty 
and    precarious    supj.lies    of    a    few    half-starved 
cattle,    and    tritling    (,uantitie.s    of    flcmr,    which 
]ia\e  hitherto    been  picked   iij»   in   different  ])arts 
(»f  the  country. 

"Your  soldiers  grumble  for  their  pav;— -if  thev 
receive  it  they  will  n„t  be  benefited,  as' it  will  not 
procure  them  the  necessaries  they  stand  in  need 
of.  Your  military  chest  contains  but  eleven  thou- 
sand paper  dollars.  You  are  iiulebted  to  vour 
troops  treble  that  smn,  and  to  the  iidiabitants 
above  fifteen  thousand  (h)llars."  ^ 


"SAMri]L  CirASE, 

('haklks  Cakuoll  of  CarroUfonr 


It  would  bo  difficult  to  draw  a  picture  of  moi-c 
abject  wretchedness  than  is  given  in  this  graphic 
letter  of  the  commissioners,  and  it  well  i)repares 
us   for    the   consequences.      Having    done    all    in 


!;■. 


'  Americnn  Ardiivo.^,  vol.  vi,  pp.  589,  590 


I**;' 


IXTIJODITTOUY    ]NrKMOin. 


their  power  to  iiuiintMiii  our  authority  in  Cjui.'uLm, 
^fessrs,  Chjise  aiul  Carroll  took  tlieir  (h^parture 
from  ^lontreal  on  the  21Hli  of  M;\\\  to  l)e  ]>re- 
seiit  at  a  eouiu-il  of  war  of  tiie  ^viieral  and  tiehl 
officers  at  Chamhlav.  On  the  8()tli,  it  was  re- 
solved  l)y  this  couneil  to  maintain  ])ossession  of 
the  strip  of  eountry  '■hetween  the  St.  Lawrence 
and  Sorel,  //'  j)ossih/f',  and,  in  the  meantinu',  to 
dispose  matters  .so  (ts  to  mdkc  <in  ovdcdij  ntnat 
out  of  ('((uaday^ 

On  the  31st  the  connnissioners  i)assed  from 
Chamblav  to  Ht.  John's,  where  everv  thin<>-  was 
in  confusion.  On  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  June 
they  found  (Jeneral  Sullivan,  Avho  had  arrived 
with  fourteen  hundred  men  durinij:  the  niuht. 
Next  dav  thev  took  leave  of  the  general,  and 
sailed  from  St.  John's  on  their  iournev  honu'- 
wards. 

Thus  ended  the  lahors  of  the  commissioners. 
They  returned  to  IMiiladelphia,  reported  to  con- 
gross,  and  congress  voted  to  send  new  troops  and 
to  supply  them  properly."  IJut,  in  the  meantime, 
the  fate  of  our  efforts  in  Canada  was  sealed. 
The  last  stand  was  made  l»v  (ieneral  Sullivan. 
''Yet,"  says  ^\\\  Sparks,  "it  was  more  resolute 
in  purpose  than  successful  in  execution;  the 
whole  army  was  com[)elled   precipitately  to  evac- 

1  Soo  Carroll's  Journal  of  those  dati'S. 

2  See  Journnls  of  Congress  for  June,  1770,  vol.  ii,  p.  2CG,  cd.  of  1800. 


JXTUODl'CTtUIV    M  i;Mi)ll{. 


4;j 


ii;»t(*  Canada,  aiwl   ivtiir  over  tlie  lake  to  Cruwii 
]\.int. 

'•Moiitroal  was  held  to  tlic  last  iiKtincnt.  Anwdd 
tluMi  drew  otV  liis  di'taclmuMit  with  no  small  risk 
of  ItcMnij;  int('r<'(M>t('d  hv  Sir  (Jnv  (  arlcton,  and  pro- 
(•;'('d(Ml  to  St.  .lolin's,  niakinu',  as  (MMicral  Sullivan 
wroto,  *a  very  prudent  and  judicious  retreat,  with 
an  eneniv  elose  at  Ins  heels.'  He  had,  two  davs 
l);'tore,  l)oeu  at  St.  John's,  directed  an  encanii>nuMit 
t'l  1)0  enclosed  and  ordered  the  tVanu'  of  a  vessel 
then  on  the  stocks  to  bo  taken  to  pieces,  tin*  tini- 
hors  nuniltiM'ed  and  the  whole  to  Ito  sent  to  (Vown 
JNdnt,  (ieneral  Sullivan  soon  ari'ived  with  the 
rear  of  his  retreatinu"  army  and  |>reparations  were 
made  for  an  immediate  emharkatiou.  To  this  work 
Arnold  applied  himself  with  his  usual  acti\  ity  and 
viuilanco,  remainin";'  hohiml  until  he  had  se(>n 
every  boat  leave  the  shore  but  his  own.  He 
then  mounted  his  horse,  attended  by  Wilkinson, 
his  aid-de-camp,  and  rode  back  two  miles.  wIhmi 
thev  discovered  the  enemy's  advaiu-ed  division  iu 
full  marcli  under  (ieneral  JJuru'oyne.  They  ii-azed 
at,  or,  in  military  phrase,  reconnoitered  it  for  a 
short  time,  and  then  hastened  back  to  St.  Johe'^. 
A  boat  being  in  readiness  to  receive  them,  the 
horses  were  strip[)ed  and  shot,  the  men  were 
ordered  on  board,  and  Arnold,  refusing  all  assist- 
anco,  ]mshed  oflf  the  boat  with  own  hands;  'thus.' 
savs   Wilkinson,  'induluing    the    vaiutv    of    boinii- 


'«. 


^ 

1 

■ 

V, 

>', 

i 

. 

' 

(.' 

■> 

p 


44 


InIKoIUCI'oIM     MllMollf. 


tlic   1;»st    in.-iii    wliu   (Miil»;irl\(Ml    JVom    tlic   sliorcs   of 
tlio  (Micmv.'"' 

TIic  citimmMiccniciit  of  lliis  Mlt.-ick  iii><>ii  (';iii;i<Im 
w;is  Mttcndcd  with  lirilliMiit  stirccss.  Tlu'  c.-ii'ly 
cfTorts  of  AIKmi  ;iii<l  Arnold  .-it  Ticoiidcroua  ;md 
Crown  I'oiiit  .•ire  i'(MiiMrk;il»Io  for  d.-ii'iiiu'  couniiic. 
Tlio  caroor  of  Montiionicry  from  tlic  Isle  Aux 
Xoix  to  (^iu'Ik'c,  and  liis  stonninn'  of  tliat  stronu'- 
li(dd,  rank  consincuously  anioiiu*  inilitary  cxitloits. 
Tlio  march  of  Arnohl  tlirouuli  tho  wihh'rncss  is 
<'harac*tori/cd  hy  dangers  and  liardsliips  tliat  Avould 
havo  apjialh'd  a  loss  ivsoliito  soldier.  And  tho 
sici>o  of  (iuobc'c,  with  tho  shadow  of  an  army, 
throughout  a  Canadian  winter;  tlu;  di|>loniary  of 
(M)ngross  1)V  its  commissionors;  and  last,  though 
not  least,  the  honorahle  retreat  of  Hullivan  and 
Arnold,  hotly  pursued  as  thev  were  l»v  Jiuruovno 
to  Sorel,  Chamhlay,  and  Isle  Aux  Xoix, — all  de- 
servo  to  1)0  romomberod,  hy  the  student  of  this 
episode  of  our  revolutionary  struuules,  as  reflect- 
ing  h(»nor  on  the  gallant  men  avIio  retreated  from 
those  extremities  of  tho  Hritish  possessions  to  pro- 
tect tho  vitals  of  the  land  in  the  ai»proaching  war 
of  independence. 

In  this  introductory  sketch,  the  editor,  to  -whom 
tho   Maryland  Jlistorical  Society  has   contided  so 


1  Sparks's  Lifo  of  Arnold,  p.  i'ri. 


iNTiftMH  (  iKin    M  i;moii{ 


idc'IsillLi'  ;i    t.Msk,   (Iccllis    it    useless   to   ;i(l(l    ;i    liewlv 

written  l)itturii[tliy.  Tlie  life  (»t*  ('iiai{|-i;s  ('\intoi-ii 
(tK  ('AHHdLi/rox  liMs  hi'di  so  1're<|iieiit Iv  (lescrilxMl, 
thai  tlie  i»e(»j»le  ;ire  t';miili;ir  witli  it.  Vet  ms  tlie 
writiT  wlio  edited  this  wuriv  for  tli(>  M;ii'vl;iiid 
Ilistoricjil  Society   in    IS]."),   jiiid.   tlnrtv-oiie  ve;irs 

«  *  * 

.'ifterwMi'ds  re|)(M'lonns  the  t;isk  foi*  tiie  ('(Mitenni;d 
Annivers;iry  of  our  X.-dioii  in  1S7<). — possesses  ;iii 
;uito,ur;i,uliic  nnniuseript  of  Mr.  (  arroll  setting-  fortii 
his  l)io<.>"r;(|diy  for  Mr.  Del.-ipl.iine  in  ISHI.  it  li;is 
])rvn  thoniiht  tittinn'  to  ]»reserve  l»y  |)i'iiitinu'  sneii 
!i  nieniorial  of  tlie  survivor  (»f  nil  the  patriots  uho 
sii^iuMl  tlie  Deelar.-ition  of  Indei)endence.  It  will 
he  found  in  .mii  .•iit])ropi'i;>te  ph-iee  in  this  Ixxdi, 
tou'ether  Avith  an  oriuinal  letter,  owned  hy  the 
MaryLand  llistorieal  Soeiety  and  now  first  ]tul)- 
lished,  "written  on  tlie  2nd  of  .luin\  177<),  to  the 
father  of  "the  signer"  hy  the  Ue\(>rend  John  Car- 
roll, immediately  on  his  arrival  in  JMiih-ulelphia 
from  Canada. 

The  Diary  which  is  now  puhlishe<l  was  ]»resented 
l)y  JNIr.  Carroll  to  liis  urand-dauuhter  ^Irs.  31ac- 
Tavisli  in  IH'Jli,  and  was  deposited  liy  her  in  1S44 
amon!*'  the  archives  of  our  society. 

It  is  believed  that  this  journal  will  he  dee])ly 
interestiuii"  to  those  who  like  to  re<Mir  to  the  (dden 
times  and  to  mark  the  im]>rovement  made  in  our 
c:nintry  within  seventy  years.  The  distance  that 
Mv.  Carroll    i)assed   over    in    a    month,    may  now 


,  Jllllp  I  • 


40 


I NTllODLXTOK Y   ^l  HMOI H . 


bo  accoiiiplislicd  witli  ease  in  a  couple  of  days, 
whilst  the  wilderness  ho  traversed  has  come  to 
"blossom  like  a  rose."  ^  It  is  bv  no  means  the 
least  memorable  association  with  this  valuable 
journal  that  its  author  was  one  of  the  fifty-six, 
who,  soon  afterwards  signed  the  Declaration  whose 
jdedges  produced  so  magical  a  change  on  the  face 
of  our  country  and  on  the  welfare  of  mankind. 

Baltimore,  Maryland,  1  Juli/,  lS4o,  and  May,  1870. 


1  III  compfirins:;  tlio  past  with  the  present,  it  may  not  be  uninteresting 
to  record  tlie  fact  that,  in  the  vear  1845,  (wiien  this  Journal  was  first 
printed,)  persons  could  travel         i ; 

New  York  to  Albany,  150  n        ,  by  first  class  steamer,  for    . 
Albany  to  White  Hall,  by  si,...imor  and  jiacket  boat,  77  miles, 
White  Hall  to  St.  John's  by  steamer,  150  miles, 
St.  John's  to  La  Prairio,  by  railway,  15  miles, 
La  Prairie  to  Montreal,  by  steamer,  9  miles,  .... 


Time  two  days.     In  all,  401  miles,  cost. 


$    50 

1  13 

25 

CO 

CO 


l?-2  83 


■  4-  '.■ 


i'.ji.'i^  :i^\L  Sy<  ■ 


flirr" 


^ 


-^fi 


IXTUODL'CTOliV    M 


1»B    a< 


)>''t'''"t " 


:..'   to 

;i!ts  the 

>;il  liable 

'■'^tv-six. 

•  h<'.-<e 


.n  thp  wv-lffir'*'  itf  nmukirMi. 


lu/lfl!"<'t->',  lf,''^>J.;,),?    -'   hJ..    ^^-^•■:  nnd  Mfff,  J8Tf>'. 


vv 


.1    -.-'IVI'-  •, , 


liiik'-t  Ixiiii,  7"  '  iik's,         ,     1    J:] 

...  )  , , . 

.■■•*  niiu'.-,  .         .  ^  > 

.  lo  mill's,         ,         ,  .CO 

,^^^.     ■:  ,   ft  mil-,-*,     . (.0 


.■?i  8H 


*   I 


'B  n;  r*  ;j  i\  m  'm   if  ii-iii  w  ie  il  2  iv , 


•mr 


JOURNAL 


OF 


CHARLES  CARROLL  OF  CARROLLTON, 


DURING    HIS 


VISIT  TO  CANADA,  IN  17TG,' 


As  OXE  OF  THE  COMMISSIONEKS  FROM  CoNGRESS. 


A  PRIL  2d,  1776.  Left  New  York  at  o  oV-lcck, 
/I  r.  :M.;  sailed  up  North  river,  or  Hudson's, 
tliat  afternoon,  about  thirteen  miles.  About 
one  o'clock  in  the  ni.olit  were  awaked  by  the  iirin,i>- 
of  cannon:  heard  three  great  guns  distinctly  from 
the  Asia;  soon  saw  a  great  lire,  which  we  i)re- 
sumed  to  be  n  house  on  IJedloe's  island,  set  on 
tiro  by  a  detachment  of  our  troops.  Intelligence 
had  been  received  that  the  enemy  were  throwing 
up  intrcnchments  on  that  island,  and  it  had 
been  determined   by  our  generals  to  drl\e  them 

47 


w^ 


m 


Journal  of  Charlks  Carroll. 


oif.  Dr.  Franklin  Avent  njxtn  dock,  and  saw 
waving  Haslies  of  light  a}>pcaring  suddeidy  and 
disappearing,  whicli  lie  conjectured  to  bo  the  lire 
of  iiuiscpietry,  although  he  could  not  hear  the 
report. 

^d.  A  bad,  rainy  day;  wind  north-east;  quite 
ahead.  A.  ^f.,  eleven  o'clock,  opposite  to  Colonel 
Phillips's  (a  tory) ;  pretty  situation  near  the  river; 
garden  sloi)ing  down  to  it;  house  has  a  pretty 
appearance;  a  church  at  a  little  distance  on  the 
south  side,  surrounded  In'  cedar  trees.  The  banks 
of  the  river,  on  the  western  side  exceedingly  steep 
and  rocky;  pine  trees  growing  amidst  the  rocks. 
On  the  eastern,  or  Xew  York  side,  the  baidvs  are 
not  near  so  steep,  they  decline  pretty  gradually  to 
the  water's  edge.  The  river  is  straight  hitherto. 
About  live  o'clock  wind  breezed  up  from  the  south; 
got  under  way,  and  ran  with  a  pretty  easy  gale  as 
far  as  the  highlands,  fortv  miles  from  Xew  York. 
The  river  here  is  greatly  contracted,  and  the  lands 
on  each  si<le  very  lofty,  ^^'llen  we  got  into  this 
strait  the  wind  increased,  and  blew  in  violent 
flaws;  in  doubling  one  of  these  steep  craggy  points 
we  Avere  in  danger  of  running  on  the  rocks;  en- 
deavored to  double  the  cape  called  St.  Aiithony's 
nose,  but  all  our  efforts  jiroved  inetfectual;  obliged 
to  return  some  way  back  in  the  straits  to  seek 
shelter;  in  doing  this  our  mains;iil  was  split  to 
pieces  by  a  sudden  an<l  most  violent  blast  of  wind 


JouKXAL  OF  Charles  Cakkull. 


41) 


off  the  iiioiiiitaiiis.     Came  to  aiic-lior:  blow  a  perfect 
.storm  all  night  and  all  day  the  fourth.     Keniained 
Mil   day  (the  fourth)  iu  Tliunder  Hill   l,av,  about 
balf  a  uiile  below  Cape  St.  Antliony's   nose,   and 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Thuiuler  Hill.     Our  erew 
were  en.ployed  all  this  day  in  repairing  the  main- 
sail.    The  country  round  about  this  bay  has  a  wild 
and  romantic  appearance;  the  hills  are\*ilmost  per- 
pendicularly steep,   an<l   covered   wiiu    rocks,   and 
trees  of  a  small  size.     The  hill  c-.lled  St.  Anthony's 
nose  is  sai<l  to  be   full  of  .ulphur.     I   make   no 
doubt  this  place  has  expei'ienced  sonu^  violent  con- 
vulsion from  subterraneous  tire:   the  steejuiess  of 
the  hills,  their  correspondence,  the  narrowness  of 
the  river,  and   its  depth,   all   contirm  me   in   this 
opinion. 


'>th.    A\'ind  at  north-east. 


paired.     Sailed  about  twel 


mainsail  not  vet  r 


Hill   1 


thonv's  nose,  My.  CI 


ve  o'clock  from  Tliund 


er 


)ny;  just   before  we  doubled    Cape  St.  An- 


a  beautiful  fall  of  wat 


lase  and  I  laiuled  t(»  ex; 


I 


or.     :Mr.  Chase,  ver 


imme 
ppre- 


lensive  of  the  leg  ,,f  mutton  being  boiled  too  mucl 


impatient  to  uet  on  board 


had 


near  a  mi 


le  t 


wind  breezing  uj),  w 


o    row   to  overtake  the  vessel, 


As  soon  as  we  doul)led  Cai)e  St.  Anthony's  nose 
a  beautiful  prospect  o])ene(l  on  us.    Tl 


le  ri\er,  from 


er  s 


this  jdace  to  Constitution  fort,  built  on  :\lMrbl 
rock,  forms  a  tine  canal,  surrounded  with  high  hill? 
of  various  shapes;  on(>,  in  i)articular,  resembles  a 


^m 


60 


JOUKXAL   OF   Cir.MU.KS   ( 'a1UU)LL. 


sugar  loaf,  and  is  so  callc'd.      .Vhoiit  tliroo  miles 
from  Capo  St.  Anthony's  noso  is  another  beautiful 
cascade,  called  '"the  IJutterniilk."     This  is  formed 
by  a  rivulet  which  flows  from  a  lalve  on  the  top  of 
a  neighboring  mountain;   this  lake,  we  were  told, 
abounds  with  trout  and  ])erch.     Arrived  about  tive 
o'clock  at  Constitution  fort;   Mv.  Chase  went  Avith 
me   on   shore   to    visit   the  fort;    it   is  Iniilt  on  a 
rock  called  !Marbler's  rock:  the  river  at  this  j)lace 
makes  a  sudden  bend  to  the  west;  the  battery  (for 
it  does  not  deserve  the  name  of  a  fort,  being  <piite 
open  on  the  north-east   side)  has  two  flanks,  one 
fronting  the  south,  and  the  other  the  west; — on  the 
south  flank  were  ])lanted  thirteen  six  and  one  nine 
]M)under;    on  the  west  flank,  seven  nine  jxtunders 
and  one  six  i)ounder,  b'jt  there  were  no  cannoneers 
in  the  fort,  and  oidy  one  hundred  and  two  nuMi  lit 
to  do  duty; — they  intend  to  erect  another  battery 
on    an    enunence    called    (» ravel    hill,    which   will 
command  vessels  coming  uj)  the  river  as  soon  as 
they  double  Cape  iSt.   Anthony's    nose.      A    little 
above    this  ca]>e  a  battery  is  ])r(»jected    to   annoy 
the    enemy's    vessels,    to    b^'    called     Fort    ^Nlont- 
gomerv;    thev  intend  anothei-  liatterv  lower  down 
the  river,  and  a  little  below  Ca[)e  St.  Anthony's 
nose.     In  the  highlands  are  many  convenient  spots 
to  construct  batteries  on;    but,  in  order  to   make 
them  answer  the  intended  purpose,  weighty  metal 
should   be  ])laced    on  these  batteries,   and   skilful 


Joi'H.NAL   (»F   ClIAKLKS   C.VHUOLL. 


r,i 


^•miners  should  lx>  (mi-.-.-cI  t.>  servo  the  nrtillory 
About  j.ino  ,.'ch.ok  .'.t  iiio-ht,  the  tide  innkin-    mo 
weighed    'AUrhnv,    ..,„d    (•.•HI.,.    t(.    ...oni.i    ai...i,t    Uxn 
<»cdoek    in    tiie  iiioniiim-.   the   sixth    instant.      Tiie 
rivor  is  ren.Mrk.Mbly  deep  .-dl  the  wav  thr,.„oli  the 
Jno-lihuKls,   an.l    the  ti(h>  rapid.      A\'hen  wc  eaiiie 
to  lui  anchor  off  (V.nstitiiti.m   fort  we  found   tlie 
<l<'l'tli    of    Avater    ab:,ve    thirty    tathonis.       Tliese 
Jiigldands   ])resent   a    nunduT   of  romantic    vi.nvs 
the    steep    hills    overshadou-    the    water,    and    in' 
some    ])laces    the    rocks,    should    thev    be    rolled 
down,  would  fall  into  tl 


the  banks  on  Avhich  they  stood.     Tl 
intended  bv  nature  to 


10  ri\er  se\-ei-al  feet  tVoi 


II 


lis  river  seems 


twoen  Canada  and  the?  ] 


Mater,  and,   bv 


"jXMi  a  communication  1)e- 
>r()\ince  of  Xow  York  bv 


has  b; 


some  groat  convulsion, 


■en  opened  to  the  waters  of  Und 


pa? 


vigc 


through    the    highlands.      Tl 
spur  of  the  Endless 


son  s  river 


lese    are    certainlv    n 


iiKumtain? 


O'f/K  W^^iiihod  and 


morning:    had   a    tine   br 


i<»r  about  seven  o'clock  in  tl 


H) 


cultivated    al 


)o\'e 


mill.' 


.'ill  of  thei 


eeze;    the   country    nion; 
passed    sevei'al 


the  stocks  at  Pol 


the    highlamh 
11  overshot;    saw  two  frigates   ou 


<»f  the  United  (^oh 


voepsay.  building  for  tl 


>nie 


kil 


le  service 
'•>w  a  great  many  lime- 


ns    m    our    run    this    mornina-. 


o 


f  tl 


le  river,   the   banks   of  which   beo-iu   t 


more  graduallv  t)  tl 


to  G 


Tcnoral  Heath,  fr 


le   water's   edo-e 


on    both    sides 
o  slope 


A\ 


e  wrote 


om  ojf  ( 


Histitution  f»rt.  and 


-'f: 


^ww 


52 


JoruxAL  OF  Chaules  Carroll, 


sent  tlio  It'ttor  to  tlio  coiiiiMjuKliim'  officer  of  tlie 
fort,  >vith  orders  to  forward  it  Ity  express  imme- 
diately to  tlie  iienernl  at  Xew  York.  The  pur- 
port of  the  letter  was  to  inform  the  jieneral  of 
the  very  defenceless  condition  of  the  fort,  that 
measures  mi.uht  be  immediately  taken  to  ]>ut  it 
in  a  better  posture  of  (lefenc(\  ]f  Howe  was  a 
man  of  enterprise,  and  knew  of  the  weak  state  of 
the  fort,  h(3  mi<;'ht  take  it  in  its  ]»resent  situation 
Avitli  sixty  men,  and  without 'cannon.  He  miuht 
land  his  i)arty  a  little  below  the  fort  on  the  east 
side,  march  «)ver  a  marsh,  and  attack  it  on  the 
back  part.  It  Mas  proposed  to  erect  a  battery  of 
some  cannon  to  sweep  this  marsh;  but  this,  and 
also  the  battery  above  mentioned,  on  Gravel  hill, 
have  been  strangely  neglected,  and  nothing  as  yet 
has  been  done  towards  constructing  either  of  these 
batteries,  more  than  levelling  the  top  of  dl ravel 
hill. 

Six  o'clock,  P.  ;M.,  came  to  anchor  four  miles 
from  Albany;  had  a  most  glorious  run  this  day, 
and  a  most  pleasant  sail;  including  our  run  in 
the  night,  "Nve  ran  this  day  ninety-six  miles — 
Constitution  fort  being  one  hundred  miles  fnun 
Albany,  and  sixty  from  Xew  York.  A\'e  passed 
several  country  houses  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
banks,  or,  rather,  eminences  commanding  the 
banks   of  the   river;    the    urounds   Ave   could   dis- 


eoyer 


fr 


om 


the    ycssel    did    not    appear    to    be 


JorHXAL   UF    ClIAin.KS    ('aI{|{(»L1,. 


',:] 


lii-lily  impiv.vcMl.  AW  I,,,,!  a  distant  view  ..f  tlic 
Katskill  iMoimtMiiis.  Tlioso  aiv  said  t<.  In-  scni.. 
«»f  llio  liioliest  in  \,,rtl,  America;  tli.'.v  liad  a 
l)lo;isiiio-  ai)i.e:u-an(v;  the  wvatluM'  hciiiu'  soiiic- 
wliat  liazy,  tliey  apiuvuvd  like  hlnisli  clouds  at 
n  o-ivat  distance;  Avlieii  we  weiv  nearest  to  tlieni. 
they  were  distant  alx.nt  ten  miles.  A'ast  tracts 
of  land  on  eadi  side  of  Ilndsoii's  rivei-  are  held 


l)V  tl 


10  ])ro]»rietaries,  or.  as  tliev  are   1 


the   Pf/frojirs  of 


lei'e   stvled, 


has  a   iii'ant  of  twcMitv  mil 


nianoi-s.     One  (.f  tlie    Kansalaer 


Tiver.      .Mr.    Jtoln^rt    11.    I 


cs  on  (vicli  sid(>  of  tl 


nin^ston    informed    n 


le 


\c 


that  he  held  tlnve  hmiured  tlionsand  acres.  1 
am  told  there  are  bnt  ten  ori.uinal  ].atentees  be- 
tween Albany  and  the  hi-hlands.  TIi.>  desc(Mid- 
ants  of  the  first  ])ro])rietaries  of  tliese  imm(Mise 
tracts  still  keej)  them  in  jxissession:  ne(vssitv  has 
not  as  yet  forced  anv  of  tliem   to   sell 


niy  part. 

lis    mornini:'   aixmt    si\ 

ia\  inu-  passed  o\(>r  the  o\(m*- 

vi(>u'    of    Albany,    distaiit 

»any  at  half  ])ast 


7f//.   Weighed   anchor   tl 
o'clock.     M'iml  fair:  1 
slaw,    had    a    distinct 
about  two  miles:— laiid(Ml  at  All 
seven   oVdock;    rect-iviMl.  at   landin-    bv  (Jknk'hai 


►SriiuYLKn/  Avh 


o,   understandino-  w 


up,    came   tVoni    his    Ik 


e   wei'e  comniii' 
>use,    about    a    mile    out   of 


'  Gcnercl  riiilip  Scluivlcr,  \vl 


tionary  soldiers,  wiis  b 


lii>  Avas  Olio  of  our  distin'riiislicd 


ru  in  1733,  at  Albany.      Ho  entered  tl 


at  tbo  breakins,'  out  of  the  French   ., 

^V.  Johnson   to  F.n-t  Edward  and  Lake  G 


war  in  1755,  and  ac 


revolu- 

lie  nrniy 

companied  Sir 


1703,  he  undertool 


k  several  civil 


■oorye.      Aft.T  tbo  pence  of 


iploymenf-;.      On  the  2.jtli  of  J 


une 


.-,[ 


.lol  UNAL   nl'    ('|IA1{IJ:s   ('aI{|{(iM,. 


town,  t(»  r('('(>l\(>  lis  }iii(l  iinitc  iis  to  diiic  witli 
liiiii;  li(i  1)i'1i;iv(mI  with  iir<';it  ciNilitv;  li\ cs  in 
itrottv  stvlc;  Iims  two  d.-iiiLilitcrs  (IJctsv  niul 
IN'U'u'v),  li\i'lv,  nLircvMblc*.  Itl.-u'k  cvcd  uirls.  Al- 
bjiiiy  is  sitiintcd  |»;irtl_v  on  .-i  level,  .-iiid  p.-irtly  on 
tlic  slo|)(>  of  ;i  liill,  or  risinu'  i:Toinid,  on  the  west 
side  of  tlic  i-i\cr.  \'('ss('ls  di'.-iwinu'  «Mii'lit  nnd 
nine  feet  w.-itcr  ni;iy  conic  to  All»;niy.  Miid  tivo 
milos  even  beyond  it,  nt  this  sc.-ison  of  the  ye;ir. 
wIkmi  th(^  w.-ders  Mrc  out.  The  foi't  is  in  ji  i-nin- 
oMs  conditiitii.  .'ind  not  ;i  sinule  uMin  nionided  on 
it.  There  Mi-e  inoi'e  houses  in  this  town  tli.-ni 
in  AiniMpolis.  mikI  I  l)elie\(^  it  to  he  much  nutiH^ 
[topulous.  The  citi/.iMis  chieMy  s|»(>;dv  Dutch. 
Itolinj;  mostly  the  descendjiids  of  |)ut<'hmen;  hut 
the  ihi.u'lish  laimiiMuc  .-Mid  niMunei's  ;u'e  u'cttinii' 
i;i'ound  Mpac;'. 

nfli.  licft  Alhany  early  this  morninu'.  and  trav- 
elled ill  a  wai'-on  in  comuanv  with  ^Irs.  Schuvler, 
her   two    dauuiiters,    and    (ienorals    Schuvler   and 


ITTtJ,  (wliilst  11  ck'lcu;ati'  to  the  Cmitinoiitiil  Congress,)  lir  was  ii|j|ii)int('(l 


third 


niaior  i'cMii'ral  of  tlio  American  ariiiv;  nnd  was  I'orthwith  I'bartrcd 


liy  "\Vasliiiii:;ti>n  with  tho  command  of  our  forces  in  the  ]irovincc  of  New 


Yorlc.     Hero  and  in  Canada  \w  served  thu 


itry  witli  great  ability. 


until  the  order  was  given  to  abandon  that  jirovince.  After  this  he  di 
played  his  jiatriotism  and  usefulness  in  various  public  cmploynien'  '" 
a  military  character;    and  in  April,  177'.',  congress,  after  his 


ilieitatic) 


ns,  aeci 


■pted  tl 


le  ri'siirnation  ot  his  comnuuid  in 


tho  ai 


d  to 
ar.-  u'Te 


benefit  of  his  enlightened  judgment  and  civil  services  was  not  < 
his  country  during  tho  remainder  of  his  life.  His  Inst  few  ye 
passed  in  dignified  retirement;  and,  after  suffering  the  most  poignant 
nngui.-rh  from  the  distressing  fate  of  his  beloved  son-in-law,  General  Haniil- 
fon,  he  died  at  the  age  of  scventv-one,  on  the  18th  of  November,  1804. 


■m 


,I(»l  IJN.M.    OF    ClIAKI.KS   CaUIMI.I-. 


35 


Tlwmias.     At  six  luilos  from  All»;iiiy  I  (|iiilt<'(l  the 
wnuoii    .Miid  ,i:'«»t   oil   li(»rs('-l»;icl\    lo  .'icnniipMiiy  tlu? 
UCIIitmIs  to  view  tlic  ImIIs  on  tlic  MoIimnvU's  v\\v\\ 
cMllcd    the    Coliooc's.      'I'lic    |»('r|M'ii<licnl;ir    tnll     is 
scMMity-l'oiir  tret,  .•iiid  tlic  hrc-idtli  of  tlic  ri\('i'  ;it 
this  place,  as  iiicasiiiVMl  liy  (u'luM'al  Scliiivicr.  is  diic 
tliousand  feet.     Tlic  fall   is  coiisidcraldy  aUovc  one 
limidri'd   ffct.   taken   from   the  first   ripiile  (»r  still 
water  above  the  jterpeiidiciilar  fall.     'I'he  riNcr  \va.>< 
swollen  with  the  meltinu'  of  the  snows  ainl   rains, 
and  rolleil  over  the  friuhtfnl  precipice  an  iiiipetu- 
ons  torrent.     Th(>   foam,   the   irreunh'irities   in   the 
fall  Iji'oken  by  projectinu'  ]'ocks.  and  the  (h^afeniiii;" 
noise,  ])resented  a  snhlime  hnt  terril'yinu'  spectacle. 
At  fifty  yards  from  the   i)lace   the  water  (Inijtped 
from  th(>  trees,  as  it  does  alter  a  |(lentifnl  sh(»wer, 
they  Ijein^'  as  wet  with  the  ascciidini;'  \apor  as  they 
commonly  are  aftei*  a  smart  rain  of  some  continn- 
anc(\     The    bottoms    adjoininu'    the    I'iNcr    Hudson 
arc  tine  lands,  and  a]»iieare(l  to  bc>  well  cnlti\ate<l; 
most   of  them   that    we   passed    throiiuh    were    in 
wheat,  which,  thonu'h  commonly  overflowed  in  the 
sj)rin,ii-,  we  were  informed  by  onr  dri\er,  sntlered 
no  hurt,  but  were   rather   improved   by  the   innn- 
dation.     We  arriM'd  in  the  eveninu'.  a  little  before 
sunset,  at  Saratopi,  the  seat  of  (leiieral  Schuyler, 
distant  tVom  Albany  thirty-two  miles.      We  s[)ent 
the  whole  day  in   the  jcuirney,  occasioned  by  the 
badness  of  the  roads,  and  the   delav  the  wan'ons 


5(5 


Journal  of  C'ifarles  Carroll. 


met  with  in  crossing  two  ferries.  The  roads  at  this 
season  of  the  year  are  generally  had,  hut  now  worse 
than  ever,  ov.iiig  to  the  great  nuniher  of  wagons 
eniidoved  in  carrvins:'  the  hau'ii'agc  of  the  regiments 
niarehing  into  Canada,  and  supplies  to  the  army 
in  that  country,  (Jeneral  Schuyler  informed  me 
that  an  uninterrupted  water-carriage  between  Xew 
York  and  Queljec  ihight  he  perfected  at  lifty  thou- 
sand pounds  Stirling  exi)ense,  In'  means  of  locks, 
and  a  small  canal  cut  from  a  branch  that  runs 
into  A\'ood  creek,  and  the  head  of  a  branch  which 
falls  into  Hudson's  river;  the  distance  is  not  more 
than  three  miles.  The  river  Kichelieu  or  Sorel,  is 
naviiiable  for  batteaux  from  the  lake  Chami)lain 
into  the  8t.  Lawrence.  The  rapids,  below  St. 
JolnTs,  arc  not  so  considerable  as  to  obstruct  the 
navigation  of  such  vessels. 

The  lands  al)0ut  Saratoya  are  verv  u'ood,  par- 
ticularly  the  bottom  lands.  Hudson's  river  runs 
within  a  tjuarter  of  a  mile  of  the  house,  and  you 
have  a  i)leasing  view  of  it  for  two  or  three 
miles  above  and  below.  A  stream  called  Fishkill, 
which  rises  out  of  J^ake  Saratoga,  about  six  miles 
from  the  gencM-al's  house,  runs  close  by  it,  and 
turns  several  mills;  one.  a  grist  mill,  two  saw 
mills,  (one  of  tliem  carrying  fourteen  saws,)  and 
a  liemj)  and  flax  mill.  This  mill  is  a  new  con- 
struction, and  answers  etpially  Avell  in  breaking 
hemj)  or  flax.      I    re(|uested   the  general   to   get   a 


JOURXAL   OF   Cir.VKLES   CaRHOLL. 


m 


model  iiinde  for  mo  by  the  person  mIio   Imilt   it. 
Deserii^tions   of   iiiaeliines   are   sekloiu   aceuratelv 
made,  and  ^vlien  done  witli  e.\a(.•tne^<,s  are  seldom 
understood.     I  was  informed  l)y  the  o-eneral  tliat 
it   is    customary   for    the    oreat    i)roi)rietaries    of 
lands   to   lease   tliem   out   for    three    li^•es,   some- 
times   on    fee-farm-rents,    reserving,    by    ^vay    of 
rent,  a  fourth,  or,  more  eonimonly,  a  tenth  of  all 
the  produce;   but  the  proprietaries  content  them- 
selves   Avitli    a    tenth    of    the    wheat.      On    everv 
transmutation    of    ])roi)erty   from    one    tenant    to 
anotlier,    a   (juarter   ]»art   of  what    tlie   land   sells 
for  is  sometimes  paid  to  tlie  original  i»roprietary 
or  Icn-d  of  the  manor.     The  general  observed   to 
me   tliat   tliis  Mas    mucli    the   most   advantageous 
way  of    leasing  lands;— that  in  the  course   of   a 
few   years,    from    the    fre(|uent    transmutations    of 
tenants,    the    alienation    tines    would    exceed    the 
purchase  of  the  fee-simple,  though  sold  at  a  hiuh 
valuation.     (General  Schuyler  is  a  man  of  a  good 
understanding  im])roved  by  reflection  and  study; 
he   is    of  a   very   active   turn,    and    fond   of   hus- 
bandry,   and    when    the    present    <listractions   are 
composed,  if  his   inlirm  state  of  health   will   per- 
mit  him,    will    make    Saratoga    a    most    l)eautiful 
and    most    valuable    estate,      lie    saws    up    ureat 
(|uantities    of    plank    at   his   mills,    which,    before 
this   war,   was    disposed   of   in   the    ncighl)orhood, 
but  the  greater  ]>art  of  it  sent  to  Alhanv. 

« 

8 


nS 


JoL'HXAL   OF   Cl[AKLi:s   CaKKOLL. 


i* 


llfh.  Generals  Thomas  niul  ^diuvlcr  set  off  this 
morning'  tor  Lake  (Jeorg-e;  the  former  ; to  he  in 
readiness  to  cross  tlic  hike  on  the  iirst  breaking 
up  of  the  ice,  the  h-itter  to  forward  the  embarka- 
tion and  transportation  of  military  stores  and 
supplies. 

L3t/i.  It  snowed  all  this  morning  until  eleven 
o'clock;  the  snow  al>ove  six  inches  dee])  on  the 
o-round:  it  was  not  off  the  neiahboring  hills  when 
we  left  Saratoga.^ 

IGth.  This  morning  we  set  off  from  Saratoga;  I 
parted  with  regret  from  the  amialde  family  of 
(General  Schuvler;  the  ease  and  affability  with 
Aviiich  we  were  treated,  and  the  lively  l)ehavior 
of  the  young  ladies,  made  Saratoga  a  most  pleas- 
ing t<('jot(i\  the  remembrance  of  which  will  long 
remain  with  me.  A\'e  rode  from  Saratoga  to 
McXeilTs  ferry,  [distance  two  miles  and  a  half,] 
crossed  Hudson's  river  at  this  place,  and  rode  on 
to  one  mile  above  Fort  Miller,  which  is  distant 
from  McXeill's  two  miles.  A  Mr.  Dover  has  a 
countrv-seat  near  Fort  ^liller;  vou  see  his  house 
from  the  road.  'J'here  is  a  very  consideraldo  fall 
in  the  river  at   Fort  Miller.     Just   above    it    our 


1  Dr.  Frniikliii  luUlresscil  a  friendly  letter  to  Jusiah  (iuiney,  dated  15th 
(if  April,  1770,  in  which  lie  savf,  '•!  am  hero  on  my  uay  to  Canada, 
detained  by  tiic  present  .state  t)f  tiie  lakes,  in  whieh  the  unthawed  ieo 
obstructs  tlio  navigation.  J  begin  to  ajiiirehend  tlnit  I  have  undertaken 
a  fatigue  that,  at  my  time  of  life,  may  prove  too  inueli  for  me,  so  I  ait 
down  to  writr  fo  a  few  friends,  Inj  wai/  of  farewell." — See  Sparks"s  Life  of 
Franklin,  vol.  viii,  p.  180 — Aincrirnn  Arr/iiri'.->i  vol.  v,  (i.  1(47. 


;  tllw 


JorjrxAL  OF  CifAjjLEs  C'akholl. 


59 


baggage  was  put  into  a.iotlior  l)„at;    it  J.ad   hcvu 
brought  m  a  wag,»u  Ir.^m  8aratoo,x  u,  McXcm-IPs 
^•an-ied  over  the  feiry  in  a  wagon,  and  tlion  lu.t 
on  board  a  boat,  in  which  it  Ma.s  conveyed  to  the 
foot  of  Fort  .Aliner  fall.;  tlien  carried  'over  land 
a  quarter  of  a  inilc  and  put  into  a  .secon,l  ]K,at 
At  a  nnle  from   Fort  .AfiUer  we  got  into  a  boat 
.*nid  went  up  the  Hudson   river  to   Fort  Edward 
Althougli    this    t>>rt   is    but    seven    mih^s    distant 
trom    the    place    where    we    took    boat,    we    wen. 
a'K)ve    four    hours    l•(,^;■ing    uj).      The    current    is 
exceedingly  rapid,  and  the  rapidity  was  increased 
by  a   freshet.      In   many  places   the   current  was 
s.»  strong  that  tl.e  batteau  men  were  oblio-ed   to 
set    up    with    poles,    and    drag    the    boat    bv   the 
Pninter.     Although  these  iVlh,ws  were  activ;  and 
expert,  at  this  business,  it  was  with   the  greatest 
a.fhculty  they  could  stem  the  current  in  particu- 
^■'^^'    Pbiees.      The    congress    keeps    in    pav    tlnve 
companies    of    batteau    men    on    Hudson's    river 
consisting   each    .f   'Mrty-three    men  with   a  cap- 
taini-tl.e   ,,ay  of  the   uhmi    is    £4.10  ,,er  month 
ihe  lands   bordering  on    Hudson's    river,   as    vou 
approach   Fort  Edward,  bocme  nioiv  sandv    'nnl 
the  principal   wood  that  grows  on   them  ]■   pi„, 
riiere    are    sevcM-al    saw    mills    iM.th    abo^e    and 
Ix'low    Fort   Miller.      The    planks    sawed    at    the 
nnlls  above  F.rt  .Aliller  are  ma<h.  up  into  small 
ratts   and   left   with.uit   guides    to   the   current   of 


00 


JoUKNAL   OF    CllAHLKS    CaKKOLL. 


I 


II 


the  river;  each  one  is  luarked,  so  that  the  raft- 
men  that  reiuain  just  beh)W  Fort  ^Miller  falls, 
watt'hiim-  for  them  eoniiiii'-  down,  iiiav  easily 
know  their  own  rafts.  When  thev  come  over 
the  falls  thev  go  out  in  canoes  and  boats  and 
tow  their  rafts  ashore,  and  then  take  them  to 
pieces  and  make  them  again  into  larger  rafts. 
The  smaller  rafts  are  called  crihs.  The  ruins 
onlv  of  Fort  Edward  remain;  there  is  a  good 
large  inn,  where  Ave  found  quartered  Colonel  Sin- 
clair's regiment.  Mr.  Allen,  son  of  old  !Mr. 
Allen,  is  lieutenant-colonel;  he  received  us  very 
politely  and  accommodated  us  with  beds.  The 
officers  of  this  regiment  are  in  general  tine  sized 
men,  and  seemed  to  be  on  a  friendly  footing;  — 
the  soldiers  also  are  stout  fellows. 

17fli.    Having   breakfasted   with   Colonel   Allen, 
we  set  oft*  from  Fort  Edward  on  our  wav  to  Fort 

« 

(jioorge.  AVc  had  not  got  a  mile  from  the  fort 
when  a  messenger  from  (ieneral  Schuyler  met 
us.     He  Avas  sent  Avith  a  letter  bv  the  general  to 


inform   us  that    J^ake  (ieorge   was   not  o] 


)en,   an( 


I 


to  desire  us  t(»  remain  at  an  inn  ke[»t  l»y  one 
Wing  at  seven  miles  distance  from  Fort  Edward 
and  as  many  from  Fort  (leorge.  The  country 
l)etween  ^\^ing's  tavern  and  Fort  Edward  is  very 
saiuly  and  sonu'what  hilly.      The  ])rincipal  Avood 


IS      ])U]0 


At     Fort    Edward    the    river    Hudson 


makes    a    sudden    turn   to  the   westward;    it    soon 


JOUKXAL   OF   ClfAKLKS   C'ahHOLL. 


(U 


ngain    resumes    its    former   ]i(»rtli    course,   for.   .-it 
a   suiall   (listMuee,   we   f(.uiul   it   oii    our   left    and 
parallel   with    the    road    whieh   we   travelled,    and 
which,   from    Fort    Edward    to    Fort    Georoe,    li(>s 
nearly    north    and    south.      At    three    miles,    or 
thereabouts,   from   Fort   Edward,  is   a   reuiarkahle 
tall    in    the    river.      AW    could    see    it   from    the 
road,  hut  m.t  so  as  to  form  any  judiiiuent  of  its 
height.      Mo  were  informed  that  it  was  ui)wards 
of  thirty  i'cvt,  and   is  called  the   Kingsljnry  f;dls. 
Wo  could   distinctly  see  the   spray  arising  like  a 
vapor  or  fog  from  the  violence  of  the  fall.     The 
haidvs   of  the  river,   above  and   below  thv^^c  falls 
for    a    mile    or    two.    are    remarkably   steep    and 
high,  and   appear  to  be  f u-med   or  taced,  with   a 
kind   of  stone  very  much   resembling  slate.     The 
banks  of  the  ^bdiawk's  river  at  the   Cohooes  are 
faced  with  the  same  sort  of  stone;— it  is  said  to 
l»o  an  indication  of  sea-coal.     Mr.  A\'ing's  tavern 
is  in   the  township  of  Queensl)ury.  and  ('harh)tte 
county;  Hudson's  river  is  uot  above  a  «|narter  of 
a  mile  from   his   house.      There   is   a    most   beau- 
tiful  tall   in    the  river  at   this   ]»lace.      From    still 
water,   to  the  foot   of  th(>  tall,   I   imagine  the  fall 
cannot  be  less  than  sixty  fvvt.  but  the  tall  is  not 
perpendicular;    it   may    be    al)out    a    hundred  and 
twenty  or  a   hundred  and  tifty  feet  long,  ami  in 
this  length,   it   is  broken  into  three  distinct  falls, 
one    of    which    may    In*    twentv-tive    feet    nearlv 


ryj 


JoiKXAL   OF   ClIAKLKS   ('aHJ{()1.L. 


'IHI 


perpendicular.  1  saw  Mr.  Wing's  patent, — the 
reserved  quit-rent  is  two  shillings  and  sixpence 
sterling  per  hundred  acres;  but  he  informs  me 
it  has  never  been  vet  collected. 

« 

ISf/i.  Wc  set  ott'  from  AMng's  tavern  about 
twelve  o'clock  this  day.  and  reached  Fort  (ieorge' 
about  two  o'clock;  the  distance  is  eight  miles  and 
a  half; — you  can  not  discover  the  lake  until  you 
come  to  the  heights  surrounding  it, — the  descent 
from  which  to  the  lake  is  nearly  m  mile  long; — 
from  these  heights  vou  have  a  beautiful  view  of 
the  lake  for  tifteen  miles  down  it.  Its  greatest 
breadth  during  these  tifteen  miles  does  not  exceed 
a  mile  and  a  (piarter,  to  judge  by  the  eye,  Mliich, 
however,  is  a  verv  fallacious  Avav  of  estimating 
distances.  Several  rocky  islands  ap[)ear  in  the 
lake,  covered  with  a  species  of  cedar  called  here 
hotdorJi.  Fort  (leorge  is  in  as  ruinous  a  condi- 
tion as  Fort  Edward,  it  is  a  small  bastion,  faced 
with  stone,  and  built  on  an  eminence  command- 
inu'  the  head  of  the  lake.     There  are  some  barracks 


1  Sec  Gouoral  Schuylcr'.s  Icttor  to  "Wasliington,  iliitcd  Fort  Gcorgo, 
AjU'll  27,  1770,  Am.  Arc/nrcs,  vol.  v,  p.  1007;  and  the  letter  immedi- 
ately loUowiiiy;,  i'rom  Arnold  to  Schuyler,  dated  at  ^Montreal  on  the 
20th  Ajivil.  These  letters  give  gloomy  views  of  Canadian  atluirs.  The 
reader  will  not  he  amazed,  after  reading  Arnold's  necount  of  our  army 
and  its  resources,  that  it  finally  retreated  from  the  ])rovine<'. 

According  to  ^Vruold's  returns  of  the  troops  hefore  Quehec  on  the  JiOth 
^lurch,  78G  were  on  tlio  sick  list  out  of  2o05,  most  of  whom  were  griev- 
ously ill  of  tlio  snuiU-pox. — "  FiftecMi  hiuulred  of  these  men,"  he  says, 
"are  at  liherty  on  the  15th  of  Aiiril,  and  ])robably  not  more  than  half 
of  tliem  will  he  retained  in  the  si'rvice.'' 


JorUXAL    OF    ("ir.VFx'LKS    ( 


AHKoLL. 


O-'J 


in  it,  in  Avliidi  tlio  ti-oops  were  (juartcred,  or  rntiior 
one  barrack,  Avliich  ..criipicd  almost  tl.o  ul.ole  spaco 
between  tlie  walls.  At  a  little  distanec  from  this 
tbrt,  ami  to  tl.o  westward  <.f  it,  is  the  spot  wlicre 
the  15aron  ])ioskau  was  defeated  by  Sir  M'illiam 
Jehnson.i  About  a  quarter  of  a  n'lilo  further  to 
tliG  westward  the  small  remains  of  Fort  AMlliam 
Henry  are  to  be  seen  across  a  little  rivulet  which 

1  Sec^Clmlm.r.s  lIi.to,.y  of  ,!,..  ]lovoU  of  ,1.„  A.neri.au  Coloui.s,  vol. 
H,  p.  2/  <,  .1,1(1  Snuth's  History  of  Now  York,  vol.  ii,  p.  ^'120 

Tlio  IJaro,.  Dieskuu  lu.d  col!...,«l  ,..l,out  ;!000  m.^n  at  Crown  Toint 

■H    led  u  d..tad.nu.it  of  200  r..,ula..s   GOO  Cauadi,.,.,   and    as  x„     y 

I  Khans,  up  tlu.  So.itli  bay,  intondinj,  ,o  pass  on  and  la^  ^vas,o  tl,..  Zl 

lenicnts  down  to  Albany;  but,  near  Fort  Edward,  b..  turned  bad.    Avitb 

ln,l  0.  up  (1,0  bd...     Jtc  was  Ih-st  n,ot  by  a  party  of  ahont  1000  nn.,, 
a  h.w  ,n.l,..s  from  our  canp.     He  drove  tborn  bHbrc  ],i,„,  a.  wdl  as  . 
dctacnme.,,,  sent  to  support  tbe,„;  but,  by  a  ve,.y  ^reat  error,  in.tea.W 
stonn.n,^  tbe  lo.^  br..astwo,-k,  be  baited  and  scatte.-ed  l,i.s  ir.'e.ulars 
one  bnnd,-ed  and  bfty  yards,  keeping  up  u  f.,.e  of  .nus,ncin,  until  tbe 

a^laT  "'  "'■'""  "'"'   '"■^""  "  '"'"''  "'""  ^'""'  ^-''' 

Wounded    and  deserted  by  all  but  ],i.s  l,a„dfnl  of  re^a,ia,-s,  be  endeav- 
ored to  ,-eaeb  b,s  boats  at  Sontb  bay;   but  was  pursued,  wounded  a,s,in. 

and  h.k..n.     A  .b-taebnient  .,f  200  n,en  fro,n  Fort  Kdwa,-d,  arrivi, ,t 

t  us  instant    pu-^sued  tbe  llyin,-  ar.uy,  and  eompleted  tbe  repnls.  befn-e 
be  dusk  ot  _even,n.g.      Sir  AVillia.n   Jobnson  reeeived  a  ^vound  in  tbo 
tb,,^h  early  ,„  tbe  ac.tion,  and   tbe  defenee  was  condnefd  l,v  (J.nerai 
-Lyman. 

Dieskau  had  been  a  favorite  soldier  of  Sax..,  and  bv  bis  rec.om.n.n.la- 
lon  bad  been  entrusted  by  tbo  Freneb  sovernment\vitb  eo,n,nand  i,i 
Canada.  He  was  long  retained  a  ],risoner  in  En-land,  and,  I  belb-v 
. l.ed  tbe,-e  from  tbo  etfeets  of  tbe  wounds  reeeived  in  this  fatal  aetu.n.' 
il.s  aeeountot  the  battle  and  bis  eor,vspond,..,ee  with  bis  governn,ent 
H.ay  be  see,;  n,  tbe  eollection  of  .^LSS.  lately  made  by  Mr.  lJ,-odlu.ad  for 
the  state  ot  >,.w  lork,  and  deposited  at  Albanv  in  tbe  Seeivtarv  of 
btate  s  oftiee.-See  vol.  .xi  of  the  Paris  Doaancnis,  ])jn  117,  ll';3    1"5  ' 

In  Februa,-y,  1750,  parliament  g,-anted  at  tbe  re.piest  of  tb,.  ..donies 
Avbose  t.-o.,ps  bad  defeated  Dieskau,    £115,000,  not  so  mneb  as  a  r.in,- 
HM'sement  as  a  bonnty;  more  as  an  eneonrag,.,nent  for  future  exploits, 
than  as  a  i-eward  for  tbe  past. 


04 


JuiHXAL   (»F   CmAHLKS   ("aHKOLL. 


forms  ji  swjimj),  and  is  tlio  morjiss  iiiontionod  l>y 
Sir  William  .loliiison  in  his  account  of  the  action 
with  Dicskau.  Fort  William  Jicnrv  Avas  taken 
last  Avar  hy  Montcalm  and  dostroytMl; — the  garri- 
son, consisting  of  four  hundred  men.  ami  sixtecMi 
hundred  others  that  were  intrenched  without  the 
fort,  ca])itulated;  —  a  consideral)le  ])art  of  these 
men    Avere    murdered    l»v    the    Indians,    on    their 

•  ■ 

march  to  Fort  Edward,  after  they  had  delivered 
up  their  arms,  according  to  the  terms  of  cajtitu- 
lation.  The  bay  in  Avhich  Montcalm  landed  is 
seen  from  Fort  George;  he  left  a  uuard  of  live 
hundred  men  only  to  protect  his  boats  and  artil- 
lery, and  marched  round  over  the  heiu'hts  to 
come  to  the  soutlnvard  of  Fort  A\'illiam    Ilenrv. 

• 

When  on  these  heights,  he  discoA'ered  the  in- 
trenched body  Avithout  the  fort,  ami  seeing  the 
great  indiscretion  he  had  been  guilty  of  in  leav- 
ing so  small  a  force  to  guard  his  baggage  and 
boats,  he  rashly  marched  back  to  secure  them. 
Had  our  troo[)S  attacked  ^lontcalm's  livo  hun- 
dred men,  th(\v  Avould  probably  have  defeated 
them,  taken  his  cannon  and  boats,  and  forced 
him  to  surrender  Avith  his  Avhole  army.  There  Avas 
nothing  to  impede  the  attack  but  want  of  enter- 
prise   and   conduct    in    the    commanding    officer.  ^ 

1  Scf  Smith's  History  of  Xow  York,  vol.  ii,  pp.  24-j-G,  and  Chalmers's 
History  ot'tlio  lievolt  of  tlio  American  Colonics,  vol.  ii,  pp.  287-8. 

<'  Montcalm,  who  succeodcd  Dicskau  in  command,  crossed  Lake  Cham- 
plain  with  eleven  thousand  nun,  and  a  nnnicrous  artillery,  and  invested 


JorHNAL   OF   ChaULKS   ('aI{I{()LL. 


65 


The  iU'iolilmrl„M)d  (.f  Vnvt  (;cM.i'gi3  almmuls  witli 
liniestoiio,  aiid  so  uulcrd  docs  nil  tlic  comitrv 
siiiTomidiiio.  the  iMkc,  Mild  nil  the  islands  i"n 
It.  TIkmi-  rocky  coMst  ;iiid  bottom  coiitril.utc.  no 
<l<»nl.t.  to  the  clcnnicss  ui  tlic  lake  water,  \cvcr 
<li(l  I  sec  water  more  trniispareiit,  and  to  its 
transparency,  no  doiiht,  must  be  ascrilK'd  tli(> 
c.xcdlem'y  of  tlie  fish  in  this  lake,  Avliich  much 
exceed  the  lish  in  j.ake  Champlain.  Lake  (Je(,ro-c 
abounds  with  ])erch.  trout,  rock,  and  eels. 

L'M.  \Vc  (Mulmrked  at  Fort  (icoruv  this  cncii- 
nig,  about  one  o"cN,ck,  in  company  with  (iciieral 
>^eliuyler,  and  landed  in  Montcalm's  bav  about 
tour  miles  from  Fort  (ieoro-e.  After  drinkiii- 
tea  on  shore,  and  arrano-in.o-  matters  in  our  boats^ 
wo  a.i^aiii  emb.irked.  and  went  ah:)ut  three  or 
torn-  miles  further,  then  landed,  (the  sun  beiii- 
set.)  and  kindled  tires  on  slioiv.  The  lon^vst  (Tf 
the  boats,  m.ide  for  the  transportation  of  the 
troops    over    lakes    (ieorge    and    Chami.lain.    aiv 


Fort  William  Henry  in  tlic  bci^innin-  .,f  August,  IT.'.:.  Tlii^  fort  li'ui 
hrvn  (.roctod  si.l).sc4iiLM>tly  to  the  Cr,.wn  Point  oxpcdition.  WrhU  wl',o 
lay  m  its  vidnity  at  Fort  Edxvard,  with   four   thousand   rc-ulurs  and 


l^rovinoiuls,  d,d  ovcry  thing  tor  its  relief  tliiit  eould  bo  exneet  "d  from  •,n 
intelligent  officer,      lint  he  found  it  in.possihle  to  colloet  the  numerous 
militias  ot    the   neighboring  jirovinees,  .since   thev  never  had  b,.en  em 
b.Hlied  under  any  system,  and  the  authority  of  the  goNvrnors  had  Ion- 
bi-en  saerilieed  to  the  |iassions  of  the  multitude.  "^ 

"  Monro  defended  Fort  William  Henry  with  a  gallantrv  that  -aiued 
bim   the  a])plause  of  bis  eomiuerer,  who  could  not,  however    protect  -i 
bruvo  garris<.n  fr.mi  the  pUuuler  of  the  savages.     ]\Iontcalm,  alter  this 
retired  into  Canada,  and  so  ended  the  third  campaign  of  that  war  "  ' 


J:.s 


GO 


JdIUNAL    of   CjIAHLKS   ('A1{H»»LL. 


tliirty-si.v  iV(>t  in  U'liuth  ;ni(l  eiulit  feet  Avido; 
tliov  draw  about  a  loot  Avatcr  Avlicii  loaded,  and 
carry  bctwcon  tliirtv  and  t'ortv  men,  and  are 
roAved  l»v  tlie  scddiers.  Tliev  liave  a  mast  tixed 
in  tlionj,  to  wliieli  a  s(|uare  sail,  or  a  blaidcet  is 
fastened,  l)ut  these  sails  are  of  no  use  unless 
Avitli  the  Avind  absift  or  nearly  so.  After  we  left 
Montcalm  bav  Ave  were  delayed  considerablv  in 
getting  throuu'h  the  ice;  but,  with  the  helj»  of 
tentpoles,  we  opened  ours(d\'es  a  passaue  through 
it  into  free  water.  The  boats  fitted  \\\)  to  carrv 
us  across  had  awnini>s  over  them,  under  which 
wc  made  up  our  beds,  and  my  fellow  traAcllers 
slei)t  yery  comfortably;  but  this  was  not  my 
case,  for  I  was  indisposed  the  whcdo  night,  with 
a  yiolcnt  sickness  at  my  stomach  and  yomiting, 
occasioned  bv  an  indigestion.  We  left  the  place 
where  wc  passed  the  night  very  earlv  on  the 
20th. 

20th.  We  had  gone  some  miles  before  I  rose; 
soon  after  I  got  out  of  bed  we  found  ourselves 
entangled  in  the  ice.  W'e  attempted,  but  in 
yain,  to  break  through  it  in  one  place,  but 
were  obliged  to  desist  and  force  (uu*  passage 
through  another,  which  we  elfected  without  much 
difficulty.  At  eight  o'clock  wc  landed  to  break- 
fast.  After  breakfast  the  general  looked  to  his 
small  boat;  being  desirous  to  reach  the  landing 
at   the    north    end   of   Lake    George,    we    set   oit* 


J()['H.\AL    OF   ('ll.\|{Li:s    ('.\l{|{(tLh. 


togotlier;    l,ut   th,'    ovncMVil's    hnut    tuui    tln'    ..tl.rr 
boat,  Avith  i.;,rt  of  tli.'  liiu-aov,  s.m,,,  o„t  bdoiv  „s 
>i  ccnsi,l,.rMl,|(.  way.     Aft(>r  s('|mivitin,o-.  w(>  luckily 
tell   in  ^vitll  tlio  hnnt  l.niioi„n.  tl„.  AI..iitivaI  anil 
Canada,   niail,    ]>y   wliich    we    wciv    iufWriuod    tl,a( 
the   west   Hhorc    of    tl.o    Jako,    at    a    ]>la.'o    call..! 
Sabatay   point,    was    nuicli    oiu'iinilKMvd    with    ice. 
but   tliat   tlioro   was    a   five    passa-e    on    tlic    (>ast 
snlo;    acn)rdino-ly,  wo   k(«pt   aloii-..  tlio   oast   slioiv. 
and  found  it  froo  from   i,^.,   |,y  w],i,.j,   ni(>a.is  wo 
,U-(.t   l.oforo    tl.o  o-onoral    and    tii.>   otlior    l>,,at;    for 
the  o-o„oral,  who  was  foremost,  liad   luvii  d(>lay(>d 
above  an  hour  in  hreakino-  throuuh  the   i,v.  and, 
in  one   plaeo,  was  obli-o,!   to  haul   his   l,„at   over 
a  piece  or  neck   of  laiid  thirty  feet  hroad.      Dr. 
Franklin    found    in    the   Canada    mail,    which    he 
opened,  a  letter  for  General  Schuyler.     W'Ihm.  we 
bad  weathered   Sabatay  point,  we  sto.,d   over  for 
the  western  shore  of  the  lake,  and  a  mile  .>r  tw.. 
l)clow  the  point  we  were  overtaken   hy  the  ovn(>- 
i-al,  from  whom  we  learned  the  cause  of  his  (May. 
Mr.  Chase  and  myself  went  on  board  the  o-enerars 
boat,  and  readied   the  landin-  place  at  the  south 
end  of  J.akc   George   near   two   hours   hefm-e    the 
other  boats.     Lake  (ieorge  lies   nearlv  n(.rtli  and 
south,    or   rather,    as    I    think,    somewhat    to    the 
eastward  of  a  due  north  course.      Its  shores  are 
remarkably   steep,    high,   and   rocky   (particularly 
the  east   shore),  and   are  c:>vered   with    pine  and 


68 


.lorHXAIi   or   ClI.MMJ.S   ('.M{|{(>LL. 


(•(Mlnr,  or  wli.it  is  licrc  tcriiuMl  licnildck :  the  couii- 
Irv  is  wild,  mikI  jiitiicMrs  utterly  iiicMpjildc  ot*  ciil- 
tiviitioii;  it  is  ;i  line  deer  (•(•imtrv,  .-iiid  likely  to 
ivmniii  so.  for  I  think  it  never  will  1m>  iiili;il>ited. 
I  s|)e;dv  of  tlie  slioi'es.  mid  1  .-mi  told  the  inlMiid 
cmntrv  resiMuhles  these.  Tiie  l;ike,  in  its  u'rent- 
est  width.  do(>s  not  exceed,  I  think,  two  iiiiles; 
tlie  widest  p.-ii't  is  nearest  the  north  (Mid.  iinni(>- 
di.'itelv  hefoi'e  von  enter  the  last  narrows,  which 
are  ]n>t,  in  their  greatest  Avidth,  al»o\e  half  Ji 
mile.  'I'here  are  two  ]»laces  where  the  lake  is 
(Miisiderahly  coiitract(Ml,  one  alxuit  the  middle  of 
it,  the  (»ther.  as  I  ]\;\\o  said,  at  the  north  end; 
this  last  uradnallv  contracts  itself  in  breadth  to 
the  size  of  an  inconsiderable  i'i\('r,  and  snddenlv. 


in    dej)th,    to    that    of  a    very   slial 


low    on(> 


Th 


landiiiii"  ])lac(^  of  Ijako  (ieoru'e  is  a  few  yards  to 
the  southward  of  the  first  fall  or  ripple  in  this 
river,  throiiuh  which  the  waters  of  Lake  (ieorue 
drain  into  J^ake  ('hain]»lain.  We  passed  throu<>'h 
this  ri[)ple,  and  tliouuh  our  boat  did  not  draw 
abi>\e  se\en  or  I'ight  inclies,  her  l)ottoni  rakcMl 
the  rocks;  the  water  ran  throunh  this  ]»assa,ue 
about  as  swift  as  it  does  throu<;'li  your  tail  race. 
From  tlie  landini:*'  ]>lace  to  Ticoiideroua  is  three 
miles  and  ;i  half.  The  l)oats,  in  comiiiu'  tlirouj;h 
Lake  (»eori>'e,  pass  through  the  })assnge  just  de- 
scribed, and  unload  at  a  quarter  of  a  mile  Ijelow 
the  usual  landing  place.     Their  contents  are  then 


.lorHNAh   ol'    ClIAIfLKS   CaIMMI.L. 


<;<j 


put  into  wjiuoiis.  and  can-icd  n\,.r  ((.  'I'ici.iKlcrno-.,. 
(icncral  Sclmvlcr  lias  cnrlcl  a  nia<'liino  fm-  rais- 
ini;-  the  boats  wli(>n  rnipticd,  and  then  Ictlin-' 
tlioni  ,•;•,. iitly  down  on  a  carriauv  (•oiistrnct.<l  fur 
the  |»ur|.os(>,  on  \\h\rh  tlicy  arc  drawn  omt  lan<l 
to  Ticonderou-a.  on  Lake  Clianiplain.  to  carvv  tin- 
troops  over  tJH'  last  iiU'idioiK>d  lak.«.  and  down 
the  Sond  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  Tiies(> 
<*Mrrian'es  consist  of  four  wIkm'Is,  mnt(-d  hy  a  ioiiu- 
saplinu".  .'tt  tin'  extremities  (d'  wincli  tiie  wheels 
nre  placed;  (.ver  the  axletrecs  is  tixed  a  jiiece 
of  wood,  (,ii  which  each  end  of  the  boat  is  sup- 
ported  and  made  fast  by  a  rope  secnred  roiiml  a 
bolt  at  the  undermost  ]»art.  ami  in  tin-  centre  (d* 
the    axletree.      This    bi.lt    is    made    of    in,n.    and 

pa.s.scs  thronnh  the  aforesaid    pieces  of  w 1   and 

the  axletree.  Th(>s(>  carriaucs  are  drawn  by  six 
oxen,  and  this  nn.rnini--  (iMst  instant)  I  saw  three 
or  four  boats  carried  over  u|)(»n  them.  Lake 
George,  from  the  south  end  of  it  to  the  landing 
place  at  the  north  extremity,  is  thirty-six  uules 
long.  Its  average  width  does  not,  I  thiid;.  ex- 
e;H'd  a  mile,  and  this  Imvulth  is  intersiu'r.sed  and 
broken  by  innumerable  little  rocky  islamls  fornu^d 
of  limestone;  the.  slioi'(>s  of  which  are  commoidy 
so  steep  that  you  may  step  from  th(>  rocks  into 
ten  or  twelve  feet  water.  The  season  was  not 
sutfieiently  advanced  to  adnut  of  catching  ti.sh,  a 
circumstance  we  had  reason  to  regret,  as  th(>v  are 


rrw- 


ro 


.lolHNAL    OK    CllAHLKS    ("aHHOI.L. 


SO  liiulily  ])rais(Hl  by  tlie  coiinoissciirs  in  good  oat- 
iiiu'.  ;ni(l  as  one  of  our  coiupaiiy  is  S(^  oxcellcnt  a 
iiuliic  in  this  seieiu'c.  Tliore  are  no  oonsidernbl 
rivers  that  eiiii»ty  themselves  into  Lalve  Georuc 
We  saw  some  brooks  or  I'iviUets.  whicli,  I  })re- 
sume.  after  the  melting  <if  the  snows,  arc  almost 
dry.  The  lake  must  be  fed,  principally,  Avith 
springs,  the  melting  of  i<>\y)\\r<,  and  the  torrents 
that  must  jxiur  into  't.  from  its  high  and  steej) 
shor(\><,  after  rains.  As  there  is  no  eonsiderable 
river  that  tlcvs  into  it.  so  is  the  vent  of  its 
waters  i>'lo  Lake  C'hamjdain  \ei'y  ineonsidci'aljle. 
In  summei"  you  may  Ao\).  di'y-footed.  from  ro'-k 
to  rock,  in  the  ])lae('  which  I  ha\e  called  the 
tirst  ripjtle,  and  which  1  said  we  j>afS(>d.  eominu' 
(Uit  of  I^ake  (Jeorge.  T!w>  Winter  suddenly  shal- 
lows from  a  great  deptli  to  nine  or  ten  feet  oi' 
less.  This  ehang(>  is  immediately  disco\ crable  by 
the  ii'reat  chanue  in  the  color  of  the  wafer.  The 
lake  water  is  of  a  dark  bluish  cast,  and  the  water 
of  the  river  of  a  whitish  color,  owing  not  oidy  to 
the  ditt'erenee  of  the  dei>th.  l)ut  the  difference  of 
the  bott()ms  and  shores,  which,  adjoining  the  river, 
are  of  white  clav. 


?lst.     1    took  a   waliv   this  eNcninu'   to   the  sa 


^^ 


mill  Avhich  is  built  on  tht'  pi'incipal  fall  of  the 
river  ilowing  IVom  Lake  (Jeorge  into  jiake  ("ham- 
])lain.  At  the  foot  of  this  fall,  which  is  about 
thirteen  feet  hiuii.  the  ri\er   is  navi^iabk'  for  bat- 


m 


JOUIJNAL   (»F   ClIAlJLKs   ('ahh.)LL. 


71 


teaux  into  Lake  Cliainplain.  cFnmi  tlio  saw-iuill 
to  tliG  i)laco  ^vliere  tlio  battoaux  are  j.iit  ..n  cai- 
riagos  t..  l.e  caiTicd  ..vor  l.-nid,  tlio  (li.staiico  is 
one  milo  aiul  a  lialf.  I  saw  tlicMu  unload  a  l»o;,t 
from  tiic  carriao-e,  nnd  laundi  it.  at  tlio  saiiio 
time,  into  tlio  rivor;  this  was  perforniod  l.v 
thirty-tive  or  forty  mon.  To-day  tliov  <v,rrioil 
over  this  porta.u'o  fifty  ])attoaux.  \  s.-.w  tho  foi-ty- 
oiolith  put  on  tlio  caiTiaoo.  A  ]ittl(.  to  tho  n..rtii- 
wostward  of  tho  saw-mill,  on  tho  wcsl  sido  of  iho 
rivor.    [    visitod    tho   spot    wlior.'    I.wi'.l    1 1 


kill 


0(1 


At 


owe    w;is 


a    sni;il 


■    oxjxMisc    ;i    continued    n;i\i. 


»o   m.-idc 


hot 


WOOD    tho 


,u'atn»n    for  hattoaux   miuht    1 

lakes  (iooi-ov  .-md  ("haniplain.   1 

locks,     ({enoral  .Schuylor  infonin-d   mv  that  lock 


y  moans  of  a  f(. 


w 


uitfi 


oiont    and    adequate    to    the    a) 


»0\  (' 


miulit   1 


.storlinu'.     Thoi 


pui'jiose 


'0  constructed   for  tifteeii    hundred   p.uind.- 
o  ai-o  luit  four  or  five  tails   in  th 


river,  the  u'roatost  of  wliicl 


or   tiftoon    fret.      I  Jut    th 
muel 


I   IS  not  al>o\o  fourteen 


0   li-onoral    in  fori 


lis    me 


o 


o 


1   more  advaiitauvous  wat(>r  carria,u-o   nuiv   h 
period    throu.uh    Wood    cnvk.    which    falls 'int 
Lake  ('haiii])lain  at  Skoenesl.oroiiuh,  twontv-eiiiht 
mil(>s    south    (»f   Ticondero,u-a.      T] 
})ose.> 
hoiji'ht:' 


lo    li'onoral 


to  1 


lave  this  creek    accuratel 


]»ro- 


V  sur\('vod.  tl 


ascertained,    and    (>stiniat 
d* 


10 


o    made    of    tho 


expense    ot    oroctinu-    locks    (.n    \\',,od    creo 
the  most  onvenient    branch   which    head 


and 


ind    falls    into    Hud 


son  s    river 


If    th 


s    near   it 
is    watoi- 


7> 


JornxAL  OF  ('i[at?lt:s  Caruoll. 


tK 


coniimiiiicatioii  botwocii  Lake  ("li.-niiplaiu  and  the 
Ijrovince  of  Xcw  York  sliould  Wo  i)crttH*te(l,  tlicM'c 
is  little  (laiiucr  of  the  eiieiuy's  uaiiiiiiu'  the  inas- 
terv  of  liake  Cliaiiiplain.  or  of  their  e\ er  lia\ini>- 
it  in  tlieii'  jjowei'  to  invade  these  colonies  from 
Canada  with  any  prospect  (»f  snccess,  hesides  the 
security  ^vhich  will  he  obtained  for  the  cf>lonit>s  in 
time  of  war  l>v  niakiim'  this  naviii'ation.  Trad(\ 
diirinu'  ]>eace.  will  he  ureatly  henetited  hy  it,  as 
there  Avill  then  h:'  a  coidimied  wattn'  communica- 
tion between  \ew  ^'ork  and  Canada,  without  the 
iiicon\-eni'Mu*"  iiid  e.vjiense  atteinliuu'  the  ])orta_u'es 
o\er  land. 

;.'--'//.    I  this  nitirniuLi'  to(tk   a    ride  with  (iencral 
l^rhuyler  aci'oss   llie  jxirtauc  or  frcim  the  landinu' 


1 


)iaco  a 


t   (he  b:)tb)m   of    Laki>  (ieoru'e.    to  Ticomh* 


roii'a. 


Th 


aiKliiiu'  place'  IS  pro])i'riy  on  iiie  rnci 


th 


A\ 


hicli   runs  out  of  Lake  (JeorLi'e  into   Lake  Cham- 


1 


tlai 


(lain,    and    mav    he   a 


mile   and    a   half   IVom   the 


placi    wherc^  the  fornu'i'  may  be  said  to  tei'minate 


1,  e.,  w 


hei"e   the  lake  is  coidracted   into   a  v'wcv 


as 


a  current  and  shallow  wat(M'.     This  ri\iM\  com])ut- 
iuii,"  its  leiiiith  from  the  aforesaid  s])ot  to  the  foot 


)f   the  falls    at    the    saw-mi 


IIH 


I    it 


s    wimlmu'.- 


w 


liich   are   incitnsiderabh>.    is    mit    more   than   tour 


>!•  tixc   miles   loiiu'.      I'rom    the  foot 


Ol 


tl 


le   saw- 


mill falls  tlu-re  is  still  water  iido  I^ake  Cham- 
plain,  it  is  at  tlie  foot  of  tli('s(>  falls  that  the 
batt(>anx.    brouuht    oNcr    land,    are    laun<-lnMl    into 


^ 


Jof'RWL    OF    ('lIAin.KS   CaKHOLL. 


73 


the  water.  ;iii(l  tlie  artillciy  and  the  apparatus 
ItL'loiiuiiiii,'  to  it  arc  (Miil)arluHl  in  tliein;  tlic  stoi'cs, 
sucli  as  ])i'o\  isidiis,  l»all.  i>i>\V(1(M'.  cVc.  :\vc  v\\\- 
barked  tVom  'J'icidKhM'opi.  At  sixty  (»!•  sevtMity 
yards  below  tlu^  saw-mill  tliore  is  a  bridge'  built 
over  the  ri\er: — tliis  bridu'e  was  built  by  tli(> 
Iviiiu'  during  the  last  war; — the  road  tVoiii  tlie 
landiiit;'  place  to  Tieonderou'a  ])ass(^s  o\(M"  it.  and 
you  then  have  the  ri\(M'  on  the  iMulit;  when 
vou  lia\('  itass(Ml  the  bi'idui'  sou  inunediatelv 
ascend  a  jiretty  hiiih  hill,  ami  kecj)  ascendiiiu- 
till  you  re.ich  tln>  famous  lines  made  by  the 
I'^'ciu-h  in  the  last  war.  which  Abercromltie  was 
so  infatuated  as  to  attack  with  nius(pieti-y  only; 
— his  caninni  was  lyinu'  at  the  bridge,  about  a 
mile  oi'  somethinii"  better  lV(nii  these  liiu's.  The 
e\'ent  of  the  day  is  too  widl  kin)wn  to  be  nu'ii- 
tioned;  we  lost  [killed  and  woundcMl]  near  on(> 
thousaiul  six  hundred  uien;  had  th(>  cannon  been 
bi'ouu'ht  Uj).  the  I'rench  would  not  ]\;\\o  waited 
to  be  attacked;  —  it  was  nmrally  imixtssible  to 
succeed  au'ainst  thest*  liiu's  with  small  arms  only, 
particularly  in  the  mannca'  they  were  attacked; 
— our  armv  ])assinL;"  betbre  them,  and  !'ecei\ini;- 
a  tire  from  th(>  whole  extent: — whei'cas,  had  it 
marched  lower  down,  oi'  to  the  north-west  of 
these  lines,  it  would  ha\('  tlanked  them: — they 
were  constructed  of  laru'c  ti'unks  of  ti'ees.  telled 
on  each  other,  with  eai'th  thrown  up  a^-ainst 
10 


r4 


.loriJWI.   OF   ClIAKLKS   ('AliKoIJ.. 


tlicm.  Oil  tlic  side  next  tlio  J-'riMicli  troops,  tliov 
luul,  besides  felling  lives,  loi)j>e(l  .-iikI  sharpened 
their  hrnnehes,  and  turned  them  towards  the 
enemy;  the  trunks  of  the  trees  remain  to  this 
day  piled  up  as  deseivibed,  but  are  fast  going  to 
decay.  As  soon  as  you  enter  these  lines  you 
liaye  a  full  yiew  of  Lahe  ("hamplain  and  Tieon- 
deroga  fort,  distant  about  a  <piarter  of  a  uiile. 
The  land  from  thenee  gradually  declines  to  the 
si)ot  on  Avliich  the  fort  is  built/  Lake  C'ham- 
l»lain  empties  itself  opposite  the  fort,  and  runs 
south  twentY-eiiiht  miles  to  ^^keellesbol•ouu■ll. 
Crown  l\)int  is  tifteen  miles  do^\•n  the  lake 
from  Ticonderoga.  The  lake  is  no  where  IumkuI 
in    sight    of   the    last    mentioned    })la('e,    but    the 


i 


m 


1  Tlu.' works  at  Tit'oiicl('t'oi;-a  wm'  trillini;':  lin;-s  Imd  liccii  jiilrd  up  on 
till'  land  side  in  a  line  lor  a  lin'a.-lwcu'k,  with  trees  Li^t'ore  it  to  eiiiliar- 
rass  assailants.  In  August,  1758,  Ahereronibic,  who  was  not  int'ornied 
that  tliero  was,  at  one  end,  an  o|ien  access  to  the  French  encani]inient, 
ordered  an  attack  with  iiiKni/iicfn/  alone,  niion  that  part  of  the  line  which 
was  conqdeted  and  I'ortified  with  cannon.  It  was  at  that  ]ioint  that 
tlie  Hi'itisli  sustained  a  loss  ui'  nearly  two  thoii-and  men  in  lulled  and 
wounded. 

The  French  i.'-eneral.  who  was  just  within  the  line~,  ]iercei\-ed  the 
I'olly  of  the  I!riti.-h  in  advancinj;-  llirounh  the  oli>ti'ucl  ions  ot' an  rt/;a!')'/s 
of  trei's,  and  forhade  a  nuisket  to  be  lired  until  he  yave  the  word.  As 
soon  as  the  Kiii;li.-h  troops  were  so  conipletely  within  his  toils  that  their 
endiarrassinents  uttei'ly  ini|ie(l<Ml  lli;;lit.  iu'  i»ued  the  woril  of  couinuind. 
and  the  assailants  were  slaughtered  like  cattle. 

It  was   related    by   ('oloncd   .Selniyler,    who   was    then   a   ]iri.-oner   in 

C'aiuida,  that  Montc.'alni's  whole   force  at   Crown  Point  did   not  e\( d 

three  tlioiisaiul  men,  nor  his  killed,  wonndi'd,  and  captured,  two  hun- 
dred and  thirty.  From  a  dread  of  the  IJritish  superiority,  he  had  actu- 
ally ros(dved,  before  Abercronibie  retreati'(l,  to  abandon  Crown  Point. — 
See  Smith's  Histoi'ji  of  y<:w  Ynrl;,  Mil.  ii.  p.  L'Oo. 


JOUKXAL   OF   ChaKLKS   ("arUoLL. 


/•) 


prospect  from,  it  is  very  plcasiiin-;   its  s]i..ros  aro 
not    as   steep    as    tliose    of    Lake    (ieoruv.      TJu^y 
rise   g-radiially   from    the  ^vatei\   and    are   eovcuvil 
more   tliiekly   Avith    woods,    wlneli    o-f.,,w   in    good 
sods,   or  at   least   in   soils  much   l)etter  than  ean 
bo  seen  on  Lake  (h'orgo.     There  is  hut  one  s(^t- 
tlcment   on   the    latter,    at   .Sabatay   poiid;    I   un- 
derstood   there    wei-e    about    sixty   acres    of   g.n.d 
land    at    that    point.      Ticoiuku-oo-a    f.H    is    in    a 
ruinous   condition;    it   was  once  a  tolerable  forti- 
ticatioii.     The   ram|)arts    are   taced  with  stoiK\     I 
saw  a  few  pieces  of  cannon  moulded  on  one  bas- 
tion,  mi)ve    fii-   show,   I   ai)preliend,   than    service. 
In    the    ])resent    state    of   ailairs    this    tbrt    is    of 
n(^    other    use    than    as    an    cnfirjHjf   or   magazine 
for    stores,    as    fn.ni    tliis    place    all    supplies    for 
our   army    in    Canada    are    shipped    to    go    down 
Lake   Champlain.     I   saw  four  vessels,  \iz:   three 
schooners  and  (Uie  sloop;  these  are  to   be  anucd, 
to    keep    th(>    mastery    of    the    lake    in    case    we 
sliould    lose    St.    .Iolin"s    and    1»e    driven    (uit    of 
Cana'la; — in  the  meantime  they  will  he  employed 
in  carrying-  supplies  to  our  ti-oops   in   that  coun- 
try.    Of   tlu\se    thrcM'    schooners,    two    were    taken 
fnuii   the   (Miemy  (ui   the   sunvnder  of  St.   John's, 
one    of   them    is    caded    the    Jloyal    Savage,    and 
is     i)ierced     fu-     twelve     guns;     .she     had.     when 
tak(>n.    twelv(>    bi-ass    pi(>ces— 1     thiidv     f)ur    and 
six    p(Minders;    these    were    sent    to    .nostoii.      She 


■'    ! 


.loruxAi-  OF  CiiAia.Ks  Cahijoll. 


is  V(\-illy  ,i  line  vossol.  .'IIkI  huilt  <»ii  purjxtsc  for 
liiilitiii^';  liowcxcr,  some  I'cp.-iirs  .-iro  wantiMl;  ;i 
new  uiMiiiiiiMst  must  ]>r  ])tit  in.  Iicr  old  oiio 
l)(Miii>-  slmttorod  Avitli  oih:  of  our  {'aiiiioii  l>alls.' 
W'lioii  these  vessels  nw  eitnii)letelv  riiiti'cvl,  nrined 
and  manned,  we  may  defy  the  enemy  on  T^ako 
('ham])lain  for  this  summer  and  fall  at  least, 
even  should  Ave  unfortunately  l)e  driven  out  of 
Canada.  When  our  small  army  last  summer, 
or    rather   fall,    [in    numl)er   ahout    oiu'    thousand 


Tliis 


!i(l  liccn  tiikeii  till'  voiir  Ix'fofi 


Aficr  T 


Cniwii  Piiiiit  wore  secured  by  Colonel  Al 


leii.  ;i 


ICdllcllTlin-u    .||1(| 


lie 


jiarty  of  lii.s  troii]i>  ca; 


>\uu 


li'iil 


y   iipdii 


M 


iijor 


Sk 


at    Skeellol 


)iiriiu<j;li,    anil,   inaKiiii;'    liiiii 


iirisoiief,  also  seized  a  scliooner  and  several  liatleaiix,  Avitli   u  liieli   tliev 


linstoiied  to  'rioonderosra.      Allen 


d  Al 


tlieu   t'lirnied   a  plan   ti 


make  a  ran 


id  d 


esecnt   iirion 


St.   .1 


ohn 


tal< 


I.'  a  kinu;  >t  sloop 


tliat   la\ 


the 


nd  atti'inpt  a  descent  upon    the   t^arris 


Th 


schooner  an( 


liattoaux  wero  therefore  speedily  manned  and  armed,  and,  a.-s  Arnold 
had  heen  a  seaman  in  his  youth,  tlu^  schooner  was  assit!;ncd  to  his  com- 
mand, wliile  t\u'  hatteaiix  were  committed  to  the  cliar<i;o  of  Allen.  Tlicy 
left  Ticonderotca  at  nearly  the  same  time;  but,  as  the  wind  was  fresh, 
the  schooner  outsailed  the  hattenux.  At  eiijlit  o'clock  in  the  evening  of 
the  17th  Mav,  1775,  Arnold  was  within  thirtv  miles  of  St.  John's;  and, 


th 


le  weather  was  lalm,  he 


fitted  out  two  liattear.X  with  thirtv-(i 


leiu'inLj  the  schooner  behind,  and  ]»roceeded  to  his  destinat 


ion,  wner( 


ve  men, 


arriveil  at  >i v  o'l'h 


•k 


next  iiMirniii'. 


II. 


iiediatelv  made  his  attack, 


'i/.ed  a  serireanl  with  twilve  men,  and  the  kii 


sh 


f  about  seven  tv 


tons,  wi 


th  t^ 


am 


loss ; 


captive; 
Fiftei 
party. 


alter  a  (I 
d   fo 


and  se\cn  men.     Neither  side  sustained  any 
of  two  hdurs,  he  tocik  with  him   hi> 


iatteaii\,  havini'  di'strove<l  flvi 


■  tilers. 


from  St   Jolm'-  he  iint  Allen  jiressing  forward  with  li 


TI 


lev  saliitiMl  in   lionur  ( 


.f  tl 


le  victorv,  aiu 


1  th 


e  Colonel  pu 


■bed 


on  with  (  ne  liiini 


I  red 


nil 


■n  towards   /.</  Pniirie,  t- 


1  Keep 


if  possildc,  till 


ijrouiid  that  bad  been  taken  by 
lution  and  couraii'e,  he  was  .-ooi 


lold.     But,  iiotu  ithslandiiiii;  his  roso- 
1  oMis^ed  to  leireat  before  reinforeement.s 


that  callus  from  C'haniblay  and  ebewlicre.  and  hi'  returned  to  Ticonde- 
rou;a,  with  a  loss  of  only  tliree  nu'ii,  who  had  been  t'akeii  prisoners. —  Sec 


Sjiii 


•/•■.' 


iiicrii'i'H  ini'i. 


n. 


■i/riiji/ii/,  vo 


!■ 


•J7'.l,  et   SI 


] 


.lolKNAL    (IF    ClIAin.KS    ('.\i;ii<iLL. 


t  t 


SC\(MI      llUlull'cd.]      (•;|Iil('      to      Js/'r      ,/H.V      Aoi.v.     lliis 

vessel  was  almost  I'cady  to  jiiit  to  sea,  she 
Avaiit(>(l  only  as  iiiiieli  to  !);>  done  to  lier  as  could 
easily  have  Ihhmi  tiiiislied  in  tlire(>  days,  bad  the 
enemy  e.\(M'ted  themselves.  Had  she  vcMitured 
out  our  e\i»edition  to  Canada  must  have  tailed, 
and  probably  oiii-  whole  army  must  liaxc  surren- 
dered, foi-  she  Avas  unfitly  an  ovei'iiiatch  for  all 
the  na\al  sti'enuth  we  then  had  on  the  lake. 
Had  J'restoii.  avIio  enmmanded  at  St.  John's, 
ventured  out  with  his  u'arrison,  consistiiiu'  of  six 
hundred  nuMi.  and  attaek(Ml  oui-  iieo|.l('  at  their 
first  landinu',  he  Avonld.  in  all  |)i-obabilit v.  U-.wr 
(lefeat(Ml  them,  as  they.W(>re  a  mere  undiscijdined 
rabble,  made  n|>  ehietly  of  the  oitin-s  and  out- 
casts   of   Xew  ^'oi"k. 

?->V/.  \\'(>  eitidinued  this  day  at  the  landiiiu' 
plaecN  our  boats  not  b;'ini:'  yet  ready  and  tilted 
to  cany  us  throuuii  I.ak(>  Champlain.  (uMieral 
Schuyler  and  th(>  troops  were  busilv  eni;'au-ed  in 
cartinu-  over  land,  to  th(>  saw-mill,  the  batt(>au\-, 
c.uinon,  artillei'y  stores.  pro\  isions,  cVc,  there  to 
be  end>ark<Ml  on  the  na\io-able  waters  of  Lake 
Champlain,  and  traiisitorted  over  that  lake  to 
St.  .lolin's. 

.J4f/t.  NW  this  day  left  tlie  landini:'  jdaco  at 
Lake  (Jeoro',.  and  took  boat  at  the  saw-mill. 
From  the  saw-mill  ti»  TicoiKh'ropi.  th(>  distance. 
I>y   watei'.    is   aliout   a    mile;  the   water  i^  shallow, 


I*) 


' 


"S 


J(»ri{NAL    (»F    ClIAHLKS    ('aHT{OLL. 


t 


<' 
«% 


I     'I 

I 


l)ut  siiflficiciitly  (l(H'|)  for  It.ittc-iu  iinvi^'atioii.  A 
little  bi'lou'  tlio  Id'idu'o  hcforo  mentioned,  the 
Frencli,  (Im'inij,-  the  last  ^var,  drove  ])iekets  into 
the  rivei'.  to  ]»revent  our  hunts  u'ettini;"  round 
from  the  saw-mill  to  Ticonderoa'.i  with  the  artil- 
lerv;  some  of  the  ]>ickets  still  remain,  for  Ixtth 
our  boats  struck  on  them.  Ticouderoga  fort^  is 
beautifully  situated,  but.  as  1  said  before,  it  is 
in  a  ruinous  eondition; — neither  is  the  place,  in 
my  opinion,  judiciously  chosen  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  fort;  a  tbi't  constructed  at  the  saw-mill 
Avould  much  l)etter  secure  the  passage  or  pass 
into  the  i)rovince  of  Xew  York  by  Avav  of  Lake 
(rcorge.  ][aving  waited  at  Ticonderoga  an  hour 
or  two,  to  tai\e  in  ]>ro\isions  for  the  crews  of 
b;»tli  Ijoats,  consisting  entirely  of  soldiers,  we 
embarked  at  eleven  o'dock.  and  reached  Crown 
Point  a  little  after  three,  with  the  lielp  of 
our  oars  only.  Crown  Point  is  distant  from 
Ticonderoga  only  fifteen  miles.  The  lake,  all 
the  Avay.  from  one  part  to  another,  is  narrow, 
scarce  exceeding  a  mile  on  an  average.  Crown 
Point  is  situated  on  a  neck  or  isthmus  of  land, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  lal\(>;  it  is  in  ruins; 
it  was  once  a  c:>nsiderabh»  fortress,  and  the 
English    must    havc^    expcndc^l    a    large    sum    in 

'  Fur  im  iiitiM'i'>tin!i  arcuuiit  of  tln'  ciiiit.irc  of  tliis  pliioo  by  Etlinu 
Allen,  oil  tlic  mdrniiiu;  of  tlio  lOtli  cf  Mi\y,  177'),  "/;*  i/ic  name,''  ns  lic^ 
i-aitl,  "o/"  flic  Oi'f'it  ,li:hor(ih  (iml  tin'  Cnntini'iildl  Cuiigrcss;"  siK'  Sporlm's 
Amcr'irnn  Ilini/rap/n/,  first  firirs,  vol.  i,  p.  '274,  d  ;-('<j. 


■* 


.ToruxAL  OF  ("i(ai;m:s  ('ak'Koll. 


'!> 


constnictino-  i],o  fort  niid  (Mvcti.i-  IIh-  h.uT.K-ks. 
wliicli  arc  also  in  ]-,iins.  A  oiv.-it  p.-.i't  of  (lie 
(lityli  is  cul  out  ..f  the  solid  limestone  rot-k. 
This  ditch  Av.-is  inndo  bv  blowiiio-  the  voeks,  as 
the  holes  hored  for  the  oimpowdcr  are  ])lMiiil_v 
to  l,e  seen  in  the  fm.u-nieiits.  }W  so]ne  necideii't 
the  fort  took  tire,  the  ti.-niies  eoiniiiiniicnted  to 
the  powder  iiino-.-iziiie,  eontniniiio-  .,t  that  time 
ninety-six  barrels.  The  shock  was  so  -reat  as 
to  throw  down  the  ban-acks— at  least  tl 
stories.     The   explosi( 


le   npper 


•n  was    distinctly  heard    t 
le    earth    shook   at   that    dist 


en 


nice 


miles  oil  and  tl 
as  if  there  had  been  an  earth(|nake.  This  intel- 
ligence I  received  from  one  I'aris.  who  Unvs  ten 
iiules  down  the  lake,  and  at  whose  1 
lay  this  night.  Tiie  wood-work  of  the  1 
is  entirely  consnmed  by  t^r(^  bnt  the  st 
of  the  first  storii 
one  of  these  barracks  iiiioht  1 


lonse    Ave 


)ai'racks 


one  Avoi' 


's  might  be  easily  repaired,  and 


tine  manutactorv.     Th 


->e  conA'erted  int 


o 


and    the    fort    lunst    h 


e  erecting  of  these  bari-acl 


l\S 


five    cost    the 


not  1 


ess. 


I  d,- 


iOAernment 


,  i  tlan    say,  than  one  hundred  thousand 


pounds    sterlino'.i     The    lal 


l<e   IS    narrow   op])osite 


lAs  soon  as  l-.thau  Allen  lu.d  j,ot  pos^cMon  of  Tioonde-oi^a  an,l 
.oouml  lu.s  i,ns,.„..,.H,  l,o  dispatched  Soth  Warner  wit),  a  d,.tacl„n..„t  c,f 
men  to  se.ze  Cro^vM  Point.  The  distance  was  only  liftoen  nnles,  but  a 
ron.  head  wuul  drove  back  the  boats,  and  the  .vholc  partv  reurned 
■c  same  evon.n,.  A  day  „r  two  afterwards,  however,  tie  aUe.npt  wa 
M.ece.ssfully  renewed.  The  .^arrison—onsi.tin,:,  ,.f  ..Lvn  n,en  and  a 
sergeant-was  captured,  and  sixty-one  go„d  cannon,  and  tiftv-threc  unlit 
ior  service,  were  (Mken  -See  S/>,r/.s-s  Amrrir„»  Binr,raph,,  vol.  i.  p    277 


so 


.lol  KNAI.    OF    (  'llAI!Li;s    (  '.MJIinLL. 


■i-'i    .  M' 


tlio  tort,  ;iil(I  lil;ikos  ;i  Itciid.  I»_V  Avliicli  \\\o 
Ncsscls  |);issiiiLi'  <'ii  the  laUc  wci'c  iinicli  ('\|)()S('(1 
to  lli(>  nrtillci'v  of  tlic  tort;  .-iimI  tliis  ;i(l\;m- 
tjin'coiis  situ.'itioii  iirst  iiidiiccd  llic  l-'rciicli,  mikI 
tlicii  tlic  lOiiizlisli,  to  erect  ji  tort  liere.  Tlie 
l-'reiieli  tort  \v;is  iiieoiisidenilile,  jukI  elose  to 
tlie  Avater;  the  Miiii'lisli  foi't  is  ;i  iiiueli  more 
extonsive  fortit'icntioiK  niid  fartlier  from  the  lake, 
)nit    so    as    to    eoiiimaiid    it. 

:^'jf/i.  W'e  set  (»ft*  from  I'aris's  at  ti\('  o'clock 
ill  the  inoriiiiiu'.  If  Faris's  inforinatioii  may  l)e 
T(die(l  oil.  liis  hand  and  tlie  iieiuliboriiiij;  lands 
arc  exceedingly  fine; — Le  t(dd  us  he  had  reaped 
tliirtv  l)usliels  of  Avheat  from  the  aere;  the  soil 
a[t])ears  to  ])e  good;  hut,  to  judge  of  it  from 
its  a])pearance,  J  should  not  think  it  so  fertile. 
ThrcH'  miles  north  of  Faris's  the  lake  begins  to 
contract  itself,  and  this  contraction  continues  for 
six  miles,  and  is  called  the  narroAvs.  At  Faris's 
the  lake  is  al)out  two  miles  wide.  W'e  break- 
fasted in  a  small  cov(>  at  a  little  distance  to  the 
southward  of  the  Sjdit  rock.  The  Sjdit  rock  is 
nine  miles  from  Faris's  house.  At  the  Si)lit 
rock  the  lake  grows  immediately  wider  as  you 
go  down  it;  its  width,  in  this  place,  can  not  be 
much  short  of  seven  miles.  When  we  had  got 
four  or  five  miles  from  the  rock,  the  wind  headed 
us,  and  l)lew  a  fresh  gale,  which  occasioned  a 
ciuisiderabh^    swell    on    the    lake,    the    wind   beinix 


.Tori{\AL    or   ('FfAIJLKS   ('AIllioI.L. 


SI 


iiortlionst,  mid  liaviiii--  a  rcadi  (.1'  tw(Miiy  miles. 
Mo  were  coiistraiiicd  to  iMit  in  at  one  Mc(  aiil- 
ly's,  Avlicro  uc  (lined  on  cold  ])r()\  isinns.  'Hie 
^vind  ahatiiii;-  altoiit  luiii'  o'elocic,  we  ]>iit  oil'  auaiii 
and  Vowed  seven  iniii's  down  tlie  lake  t(»  a  i»oint 
of  land  a  mile  or  two  to  the  sontliward  of  fonr 
islaiuls  called  the  P'onr  IJrothers;  these  islands 
lio  nearly  in  the  middle  of  the  lake,  which  is 
M'ly  wide  in  this  i)la('e.  and  continues  so  far  as 
you  can  see  down  it.  Mv.  Chase  and  I  sle])t  this 
ni.uht  on  ^'M)re  under  a   tent  made  of  l)uslies. 

J(>t//}  \Vc  set  off  this  mornini;'  at  four  o'clock 
from  tlie  last  mentioned  ])oir,t,  Avhich  1  called 
"Commissioners'  ])oint."  Wind  lair;  a  i)i'(>tty 
breeze.  At  five  o'cloik  readied  Schuyler's  island; 
it  contains  eiuht  hundred  acres,  aiul  l)elon,u;-s  t(» 
Montreson,  distant  seven  miles  from  the  Four 
Brothers.  Schuyler's  island  lies  near  th(>  western 
shore.  The  lake  cojitinues  wide;  at  ten  o'clock 
got  to  Cumherland  head,  fourteen  miles  from 
Schuyler's  island.  Cumberland  head  is  the  south 
point  of  Cumberland  bay.  The  bay  forms  a  deep 
recess  on  the  western  side  of  the  lake;  its  lenuth, 
from  Schuyler's  island,  at  the  point  of  land  ojjpo- 
site   to    it,   to  Cumberland    head-land,   is  fourteen 


1  On  flio  20tli  <if  Ai'iil,  1770,  tlii>  Prcsiilont  (if  Congress  iuldrosscd 
lutti'i's  tu  the  coiiinussiiHiL'i's,  and  to  Geucnil  SchuylcT,  upon  thu  sub- 
jcct  of  tlio  late  distiirlianec'S  in  Canada. — See  Am.  Arch.,  vol.  v,  pp. 
1085,  108G.      For  the  rcsoltiftuiis  Pjiokcn  of,  st'o  sainr  vo/ione,  ji.   ](J8G. 

11 


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.lorUXAL   OF   CHAHLKS   ('viUfoLL. 


iiiilos,  and  its  (l('|>tli  not  loss  tlian  nine  or  ten 
miles.  The  wind  luckily  favored  us  until  uo 
roacht'd  Cundu'rland  lieatl;  it  then  (rased;  —  it 
Ui'ew  eloudv.  and  soon  l»euan  to  rain,  and  tlie 
Avind  shifted  to  the  north-east.  A\'e  breakfasted 
at  Cuuiberland  hea«l  on  tea  and  u'ood  hiseuit,  our 
usual  ])reakfast.  havinu'  jirovided  ourselves  with 
the  neeessarv  furniture  for  such  a  breakfast.  As 
soon  as  it  cleared  n[)  we  rowed  across  a  hay, 
about  foui  miles  wide,  to  Poiiif  au.r  UocJtrs.  so 
called  from  the  rocks  of  which  it  is  formed. 
Indeed  it  is  one  entire  stone  Widl.  fifteen  feet 
hiuh.  1)ut  jiradually  inclininu*  to  the  north-east. 
At  that  extremity  it  is  little  al)ove  the  Avater. 
Ilavinu'  made  a  short  stay  at  this  })lace  to 
refn.di  our  men,  we  rowed  round  the  ]>oint, 
huiru'cil  the  western  shore,  ami  ^ot  into  a  co\e 
which  forms  a  very  safe  harbor.  J>ut  the  unuiiid 
beiui^*  low  and  swam])y.  and  no  cedar  (U*  hendock 
trees,  of  the  branches  of  which  our  men  formed 
their  tents  at  niiiht.  we  tliouuht  pro[>er  to  cross 
over  to  y.s/r'  Iff  Moltc,  bearinu'  fr<uu  us  about 
north-east,  and  di;itant  three  miles.  The  island 
is  nine  mih>s  lonii'  ?>nd  one  bj-oad.  The  south- 
west side  of  it  is  hiuh  land,  atid  the  water  is 
deej)  close  in  shore,  which  is  I'ocky  and  steep. 
We  lay  umler  this  shore  all  niu'ht  in  a  critical 
situation,  for  had  the  wind  blown  hard  in  the 
idiiht,   frmn   the   west,   our   boats   would    probablv 


i:  ' 


11'  I  " 


.TorKNAf.   nv   ChAHLKS   Ta  I{I{(»I.I.. 


s;j 


liavo  boon  stnv(>  ;m-Miiist  tlio  mcks.  W',-  j)mss(>.1 
tlio  iiiu-lit  (.11  l»:.;inl  lli(>  l,i.;its,  inwlcr  tlic  awMiim- 
AvhiHi  li;i(l  l.ccii  tittcM  lip  tor  ib'.  This  .Mwiiiiii-- 
could  ofrcctu.-illy  sccm-c  iis  In.m  tlic  wind  and 
I'.-mi,  ;nid  tlioro  w.-is  s|»;ic,>  cnnuoh  midci'  it  to 
iiiako  lip  torn-  \i'M<.  TIic  I);m1s  >v(>  wore  ]>n>vi- 
dcnt  (MK.iiuli  to  (Mkc  with  us  fn.iii  l'hih-id('l|.lii;i. 
Wo  toimd  thoiii  not  (udy  convoniont  und  com- 
fortiildo,  hut  n(M'!'ss;n-y;  toi".  without  tliis  prcc-iu- 
tiiui,  porsi.ns  trjivclliiii:-  fnuu  tlic  colonics  into 
('.•in;id;i  ;it  this  sc.-ison  ot'  the  vc.ir.  or  indeed  .-it 
uny  other,  will  tind  themselves  ohiiovd  either  to 
sit  up  ;ill  niuht.  or  to  lie  (.n  the  h.irc  ground  or 
pl.inks.  Scv.>i-;il  of  the  ish-inds  in  Lnko  ('Inuii- 
]>l;iin  have  dilVcrcnt  claimants,  as  patents  have 
hocii  ii-ranted  l.y  tli(>   French   Government  and   the 

li-ovornmont    of    \ew    York.      A( rdinu'    to    the 

l>rosont  division.  iii,,st  of  th(>m.  indeed  all.  cxci'pt 
y.s'A'  (fii.r  yoi.r,  are  in   tin'  c.lony  of  \(.\v   York. 

.'7f//.  A  tine  niorninir.  We  left  our  nation's 
station  at  f.iir  o'clock,  and  rowed  ten  miles  to 
I*oiiif  an  F(i\  so  called  from  s(»me  ir(»n  mines 
nt  no  ureal  distaiic,'  from  it:  the  land  here.  an<l 
nil  the  adjacent  c  nintry.  is  \(«ry  tlat  and  low. 
Colonel  Christie  has  huilt  a  hoiis(>  at  this  point, 
which  is  intended  t'or  a  taxcrn:  the  place  is 
judiciously  chosen.  A  small  current  heuins  here, 
;ind  the  raftsmen  are  not  (d)liovd  to  row;  after 
they     hi-iiii:-     their     rafts     to      Point     a,,    /vr.     the 


S4 


JdlKNAF.  dl"  ('iiai{m:s  Caukoll. 


ft 


<) 


curnMit  will  c.irrv  tlicm  in  ;i  day  to  St.  .lolm's. 
Avliicli  is  «list!iiit  from  tliis  ]toiiit  tliirty  incasiircl 
miles.  W'imlmill  ]»oiiit  is  three  miles  l>elo\v 
l*(j'nif  ail  J'cr:  mikI,  a  mile  or  two  lieiou"  the 
former,  rims  the  line  which  «livi(les  the  jiroviiiee 
of  (i'.iehee  from  >»'cw  York.  At  W'imlmill  ])oiiit 
the  lake  heuiiis  to  contract  itself  to  the  size  of 
a  ri\er,  hut  of  a  laruc  and  (lee|»  one.  ()|ii>osite 
to  this  point  the  width  can  not  he  much  short 
f  two  miles:  six  mil(>s  hejow  Windmill  point 
you  nu'et  with  a  small  island  c.illed  Js/c  ((u,r 
Tcfcs:  from  a  nundter  of  liea<ls  that  were  stuck 
upon  i»(des  hy  the  Jn<lians  after  a  liivat  battle 
that  was  fouulit  hetween  them  (tn  this  island, 
or  iH'ar  it.  At  this  island  the  current  is  not 
<mly  percept!  tie,  hut  stronu*.  We  went  close  hy 
the  island,  and  i)i  shallow  water,  which  uave  us 
a  hetter  oi>i)ortunity  of  ohservin,i»'  the  switfness  of 
the  curreut.  A  mile  (»r  two  helow  this  island. 
we  l)n\'d\fasted  at  a  ta\('rn  kept  hy  one  Stodd. 
.\t  Isle  (fii.v  Tf'frs,  the  rivci"  l^lc/tc/lcii,  or  St. 
.hdin's,  or  Sorel  (for  it  u'oes  hy  all  these  nanu's). 
may  he  ]>ropei'ly  said  to  heuin.  it  is  in  this 
jdaco  ahove  a  mile  wide,  deej).  .-ind  the  eurrent 
considerahle;  —  its  hanks  are  almost  level  with 
the    watei",  —  indeed,     the    water    apltears    to     he 


rather    ahove    the     haid\ 


the    c(»untrv    is    one 


continued    swa.mp.    o\ertlowed     hy    the    river    at 
this    season;    as    yiui    approach     St.    John's    the 


.lolK.NAI.    ()!•    ('llAI{|j;s    ('A|{|{t.|  L. 


S,') 


(Mirrciit  uTuws  stntiiiici'.  I.^lr  our  \<,l,r  is  li.-ilf 
\v;iy  Ix'twccii  St.  .Idliii's  .iml  /'ulnf  tnt  /•>/•.  ;iii(I 
<M)iis('(|U('iitly  tiftccii  miles  tVom  (•.•idi;  uc  imsscd 
rloso  l)y  it:  it  is  \cry  Icxcl  ;ni(l  l(»\v.  ('Kvciv'd 
•■>t  IIk'  iinrtli  cud  witii  Iim/cI  ImisIics;  l.iit  tlic 
laud  is  liiiilicr  than  tlic  Itanks  nf  tlic  river." 
We  saw  tlie  iiitrciicIiiiicMts  thrown  n|»  Itv  the 
Freiieh  (liiriiiu-  the  hist  war.  and  the  remains  of 
the  jiickets  dri\('n  into  lh<«  river.  <|uite  across  to 
the    ish-iiiil.    to    |>reveiit    the     I'lnulish    ho;its    from 


'  III  ii  Ii'lt.r  iVoiii  Culciticl  KlIiMti  Midi  t..  (•,,ii;;rc>s,  (.1)  tlir  iM  .Inn.' 
177"'.,  lie  .-|i.'!ik-  (if  lii-  cxiM'dilii'ii  lis  KiK'  iiiiiliTdikcn  ut  tlic  s|i.'ciiil  cii- 
loiirimc'iii.'iit  iiimI  ri'(|ii.>t  ,,r  n  huiiiIkt  of  griitl.Miii'ii  in  tli.'  rHJcny  of 
Cnnnccliciit.  Ai'i.t  ulliniiii^-  i..  hi-  Mur.'vM'-,  U,'  .Iccijir.-  ili;,t  lli.'  kcv 
•  if  CaniKla  is  yet  (.iirs,  aiiil  -iiniiiily  n'i''Miiiii(ii(|s  iliiit  twour  ilircf  ijinii- 
saiiil  iiii'ii  sliduld  lie  ]iii-Ih'(1  into  ilmt  ]>ni\  iiicf,  sn  us  t>>  w<aki  n  (i.ncriil 
(ia;,'c,  and  insiiiT  us  tlic  <'niiiiliy.  J|..  ,vcii  iM-li.v.d  that  it'  li^  .mhI,!  |„. 
thus  fiirnislii'd,  ]u\  would  lind  it   im  iiiMi|MTali|c  dilliciilly  \..<  take  (^ikImc. 

]t',  ImwoviT,  it  was  thinii;lil  |ii'i'Mintun'  to  jiii-h  an  army  intn  Canada, 
111' |iM|.osfd  to  make  ii  stand  at  the  I~lr  au\  Xui\,  .vliich  had  1 n  tor- 
tilled  by  tlie  iiitri'iiclinic'lits  ot'  the  Fri'iuh  diiriiii;  tin'  la>t  war,  and  had 
,!,'rcatly  fatigued  our  large  army  to  take  it. 

Allen's  ailviee  was  di'eined  b(dd  and  ineaiitious  when  i,'ivi'ii,  hut  e\(.nts 
al'terwards  proved  that  it  was  i  hnraeteri/.ed  hy  wi>doiii  and  forethon^lii. 
M'a  eonii)e(eiit  force  liad  been  thrown  into  Canada  before  the  |{riii>h  had 
time  to  rally  their  scattered  forces,  the  camiiai^'n  would  have  reward-il 
us  with  .-ucec.vs  in>tea'l  of  the  -ad  failure  that  attended  the  wavcrin;,'  and 
tardy  polii^y  ]iur>ued  by  eon<_a'ess  in  maturini:  the  c\|Hdilion. 

Con!;i'e>s,  ,ir  the  country  had,  liowcvi'r,  at  thi^  iiionient,  not  vet  re- 
sidved  how  far  they  would  ciili>t  the  Canadians  in  the  enter|iri^e,  and 
could  not  but  liave  re-arded  ih,.  attack  on  their  Kreneli  n('inlibor>  a.> 
very  mm  h  like  a  di-tiiei  war  fi'om  that  uiideriakeii  ii^'iiin-t  tin'  Jtritish. 
'I'lie  lii'>t  eH'ort  of  the  colonic*  \VM<  to  -ccuie  their  own  immediate  iiossc.-. 
sions;  the  next,  to  iiTcvi'iit  injury  to  them  from  such  possessions  ns 
(Jrcat  Hritaiii  might    retain.     'J'lie  reader  will  idiser\e  ihat  >Ir.  Carndl 

fully  iii,n 1   uilli  Colonel  .Vllen  as  ti«  the  great  imporlaiicc  (d'  this  mili- 

tary  |.osiii,,n  at  the   l.-|e  au\  Noix.— Si'c  SjiarL.^'s  A>n.    l',,<,ii  .  v.d.   1,  p. 
'ZXWct  .s-y.,  it  p.  lisT. 


Ir, 

I- 


m 


.JolKNAh   o|'   ClI.MJMlS   ('aI{I{OI.L. 


p'ttiiiu"  down  to  St.  .loliii's.  Theses  Inrtiticatioiis 
iiidiiccd  (iciTl  Aiiilicrst  tt)  ix'iictrato  iiitit  (niuHlM 
l»y  Oswcuo  l.ikc  Mild  tlic  St.  L;i\vn'iic;'.  r.-itlicr 
tliMii  run  the  li.iznrd  <»l'  ItciiiLi'  stopixMl  at  /s/r  nii.r 
yni.v.  Indeed  I  ItelieNC  lie  would  lia\('  t'lUiiid  it 
a  dilVicult  matter  to  t'oi-e,'  liis  tvay  tlirouuli  tliis 
|>a>*s.  Nvideli  apjM'ars  to  me  of  Lireat  coiisefiuence 
in  tlie  preseid  eont(>st.  siiould  tlie  forces  (»f  tli(> 
Tiiited  Colonies  l»,>  (djjii^'ed  to  evacuate  Canada; 
for  if  we  occupy  and  fortify  tliis  island,  di'ive 
pickets  into  tlie  y'wow  and  l>uil<l  row  iiall<'vs. 
and  ]»lac(!  tliem  Iteliind  the  jiickets,  or  l)etween 
tlie  little  islets  termed  I»y  llie  se\(M'al  smaller 
islands,  almost  contiu'uous  to  hie  tm.v  \oi.t\  tlie 
enemy  will  iiot  l>e  aide  to  penetrate  into  tlie 
colonies  tVom  Canada  l»y  tlie  way  of  Lak-  i 'liam- 
plain.  It  is  ciM'tain  that  Andierst.  rather  than 
expose  himself  to  the  disiira<'e  of  hiMiiii'  foiled  at 
this  post,  chose  to  make  a  roundahiuit  march  of 
several  hundred  leagues,  and  encounter  the  rai)ids 
of  the  St.  Lawrenc;',  ]»y  which  lie  lost  some  of 
his    1) oats    and    se\t'ral    hundred    men.'       Having' 

I  (li'iicral  Aiiilii'r>t  left  ScliPin'i'tiidy  in  .Iiiin',  17(11),  t<>  jniii  sin  iiriny 
111'  rmir  tliiMisMinl  rcuiuliirs  iiiiil  six  tliiiu>iiii(l  jirov  inciais,  wiio  wcrr  t" 
dcscciiil  iiitii  liic  lii'iirt  nl'tlic'  Frciirli  iiiimiy  liy  tlio  St.  Lawrciicc.  Jliaii- 
wliili'  (!i'iii'i-!il  Murray  was  io  a|p]ir(iail:,  with  two  tli'Uisaiul  r('i;ular>, 
iViiiii  t^urlicc,  whilst  livi'  tiiiiiisjiiul  |ii-(iviiu'ial.«,  uiiilcr  Colniicl  Haviiaiicl, 
wiTO  til  iii'iii'Irati'  liy  Lake  CMiainplaiii.  Sir  Willi. iin  Juhnsnii  also 
lii'lj  out  a  |)riHuisi'  ut'  assi>tane>'  by  a  liui^i'  body  of  Indian  allii's,  ol 
wlimu  not  luiiri'  than  six  luiiidrcd  a(C(iin|ianii'd  the  AvcMtiTii  army  for  a 
sliort  distani'p,  and  tlu'u  rcturiipil  to  tlicir  villaijos  and  lunitini^  urounds. 

Till-    tliri'i'    Lrrapil    divisiiinS|    liow'cvri',    met    in    tln"    npiuiliborlioml   of 


h' 


pi-' 

I.  •-<•■ 


JorrfXAL  OF  Cmahmis  Cahkoll. 


-s: 


luissod   tlir   hh'  aux  Xoh:  tlie  wiii.l  spniii-  up  i,, 
cur  fnv.T:— assisted   l,v  tlu^  win.l  .-iihI  cunvi.t.  uc 

IVMcIkhI     St.     .Inliu's     ;,t      tlllVC     uVlork.         HrfclV     J 
S|K':lk   of  tllis    fortlVSS,    it    ll.;iy    lint    W    illl[.n.|KM-    to 

iii.-ik(«  some   iviii.Mi-ks  <.u   tlic    ii.-i\  iuntimi   ,,f   L..,ko 
<"li.-iiiii)l;,ii,.  the  ndj.-K-ciit  cMiiitrv.  .-uhI    its  jippcMr- 
.•iiKv.     T!i(«  iinvipiti..!!  .-ipi.c-irs  to  he  very  scniiv, 
MS  tlicMV   .-iiv  m.-uiy   inlets,  euves,  .-umI   li.Vrhors,   i,,' 
wliieh    sneh    V(«ssels   .ms    will    he    usnl    en    the    l.-ike 
i>i.-iy  Mt  nil   times  tind  shelter;    the  w.-iter  is  d,v|», 
lit    le;ist    ^vherever   we   touched.   (•los(>    in    uith    the 
l.-nid.      There  .-ire  sever.-d    isl.-inds  in   the  Inke.  the 
most  eonsider.-ii.le  of  whieli   we  s;iw:  the  ])rinei|,jil 
is   (irmiil  /.sVr.— it  des(.rv.'s   th(>  ni^iK.lI.-ition.  l„Mno-, 
as    we    were    informed.    tw,>nty-seven    mil.s    hm- 
.•ind    three   <.r  four   miles  wi<l.'.      Jslr  h,   M„ifr   is 
the    next    l.-iruvst,    .-.nd     I..I,   ,/r    lUilr    Cuor    r.-iidxs 
after    that.       Isir    h,    Mntfr    w.>    touch(>d    ;,t:     the 
others    we    eould    ]»l;iinly    distinguish.       \\',.    s.-iw 
s(>ver.-tl    of    the    isl.-inds    on    the   eastern    shore    of 
the  lake,  some  (.f  which  .-iiti.enr  .-is  Inruv  .-is   |>o|,. 
lar's  island;    hut    liavini:-   no  jx'rson  on   ho  ml  (uir 
hoats    ac(|uainted    with    the    lake,    we    could    not 

M.M.tn.al  «n,l  ,lr„v,.  tli.  nn.mv.s  Un-r.  into  (1,.  i.],.,.,!,  wImm,  l,,.;,,.. 
surroumk.d  nnd  unal.lr  to  u-Aa,  M„n>i,.n.-  Vaudii..,,!,  tl,.-  kov.t,,,,; 
MUTCml.T..(l  nil  CMiuuia  t..  th..  iiriti>li  on  tlir  Stli  „f  Sri.tmilMT      It  w.s 

uhilstAml„.,-t  v.as  ^nxTodinii  north,  on  this  rx |i,i„„,  ,i,,,'t  ]„.  ,,;,J 

ortvd  to  avoid  the  French  at   I.l,.  aux  Noi.x,  and  tlius  lost  .n.n..  vahiV- 


blot 


n-ooi.s  in  tho  perilous  navigation  of  tho  St.  LawnMU'e.  This  n-ti*lt 
contirn.s  Allen-.s  view  of  the  nulitary  in,i,ortan<.e  of  that  island  in  nil 
nttneks  on  Canada. 


HS 


.lulHNAI,   i)\'  ClIAISLKS   ('AlUfolJ-. 


loarn  tlu-Ir  iimiiw's.  TIio  l.-ilus  (Ui  ;in  nvcrniit*. 
iiiny  Ix'  >ix  miles  l»r(»;nl;  in  some  jdiiccs  it  is 
Jibovo  tit'tcM'ii  inilrs  wide,  ]>Miii('u1.Mrly  Jiltoiit  C'liii- 
IktIjiikI  l>;iy  .'uul  Scliiiylcrs  isl.-iiid;  but  in  otlicrs 
it  is  not  tlinr  miles,  jnid  in  tlie  luirnnvs  not 
nliove  ;i  mile  .mimI  m  li.-ilt'.  t<>  judue  1»v  tlie  (>ve. 
As  yuii  n;o  down  tlu*  lake,  tlie  moiint.-iiiis  which 
hem  it  in  on  tlie  e;ist  Jind  west  extend  them- 
selves wider,  jind  leave  a  iireatei*  extent  of  fine 
level  land  Ix'tweeii  them  and  the  lake  on  each 
.shore.  Some  of  these  monntains  are  remarkably 
liioh.  Jn  many  ]>laces,  on  or  near  their  tops, 
the  snow  still  remains.  They  form  several  pie- 
turesuue  views,  and  contribute  much,  in  mv 
o[)inion,  to  the  beauty  of  the  lake.  The  snow 
not  diss(d\  inii'.  in  their  latitude,  at  the  end  of 
A[)ril,  is  a  j>roof  of  tlieir  heiuht: — the  distance 
at  which  some  of  these  mountains  are  visible  is 
a  still  stroniier  proof.  Several  of  them  may  be 
distinctly  seen  from  ^lontreal,  which  can  not.  be 
at  a  less  distance  from  the  most  remote  than 
seventy  or  eighty  miles,  and,  I  am  inclined  to 
think,  considen.blv  further.  If  America  should 
suceeed,  and  establish  libertv  throuuhout  this 
l>art  of  the  continent,  1  have  not  the  least  doubt 
that  the  lands  bordering  on  Lake  Champlain 
will  be  verv  valuable  in  a  short  time,  and  that 
great  trade  will  be  carried  on  over  Lake  Cham- 
]»lain,  between  (  anada  and  Xew  York.     An  easy 


V"- 

I 


.l«in{\.\L  n|.-  ( 'ii.\i!i,r,s  ('\i:i{<»i-i,. 


W.-ttcr    ('onUllllllic-ltinll    m.-iy    lie    n]M'llcil.    ;|j     IK)    'j:yv;\\ 

(•xpciisc.    (if  (inirrjil  Scimylrr    Im>    imt    iiiist.-ikcii.) 

botWCCII     the     cities    nf     New     \drk.     .M..||l|V;il.    ;iih| 
(^I('I»(M^      ;|||(|       scXCr.-ll       (.tlicr       |»I;|CCS       in      ('.•|l|;|.|;i. 
liiclHlirii.    or    Si)iul    rlr/r.    iVttlll     /s/r    nii.v     Trf<^    |o 
St.  .luliii's.  Would   It!'  cstcciiicd  ;i   l.ii'u'c  ri\ci'  cmmi 
in  M.-iryl.-ind.     'I'lic  ii;i\  i,Li;ilioii  of  it    ln-twccii  those 
placos   is   u'(»o(|.   1oi-   tlie  eiii'i'enf    is   not   so   stronix 
ns  Hot  to  1h'  steninied   with  onrs.  or  .-i   wind.      .\t 
►St.    .lolin's    tlie   current    is    \cr_v    I'.ipid,    .-md    c  ui- 
tinu'.'s    so.    soUM'tinies     luoi'e.    suniciinies    less,    (o 
('li;nnl)l;iy. — distant  twehc  miles  fnuii  St.  .lolin's. 
()l)lM>sit(>  St.   .lolin's,    I    tliinlv    tlie   ri\(>r  is   Imlf  n 
mile  wido. 

Tlio  fortiticatioiis  of  St.  .{(din's  were  not  injured 
l)y  tlie  sieuv; — tliey  consist  (»f  earth  rani|»arts. 
enclosed  by  a  ditch  tilled  with  water;  i>alis;idoes. 
closely  joined  t<»,iivtlier.  are  fastened  at  the  hasc 
of  the  ramparts,  and  c(.iitiiied  hy  tli(>  weiulit  of 
them  projectino-  half  way  over  the  ditch,  to  pre- 
vent an  escaladt>.  There  are.  |U'o])(>rly  sjx'akin!.:'. 
two  forts,   built  around   some   Inuises.  which    weiv 

converted     into     maiiazines    .-ind     b.irracUs; the 

coinniunication  b(>tweeii  tli(>  two  is  secured  bv  n 
strong  enclosure  of  lariiv  stakes  driven  deep  into 
the  ,i>'round.  and  as  close  .-is  they  can  stand 
together.  A  ditcli  runs  along  this  teiice.  The 
houses  Avlthin  the  forts  suffered  much  from  ,.ur 
batteries  whicli  surrounded  the  forts,  but  the 
12 


!MI 


.IdllJNAh    hK    ('||.\IMJ:s    ('.\l!l!(t|,r.. 


(•.•union  w;is  iidt  Im'.-inv  ciKumli  to  immKc  .-iiiv 
impri'ssioii  on  (lie  woiUs.  W.inl  of  iininumition 
iind  provisions,  .-md  tiu'  iiicK-intMirv  of  liic  season, 
ohliyc'd  the  iiai'i'ison  lo  sniTcndcr;  I'or  lln'  sol- 
♦  licrs  wvvr  constrained  to  hide  tiienisehcs  in  tliu 
cellars,  >vliich  are  Itondt-proof.  or  lie  heliind  tlie 
uidunds  (»t'  earth  thrown  n|>  witiiin  the  forts. 
e.\[»os(.'d  to  the  seNcrilv  of  the  cold  and  rains,  oi" 
run  the  risk  of  havinu'  their  hrains  hi-aten  out  in 
the  h(»uses  l»_v  our  shot,  or  hv  a  frai:nient  of  the 
walls  and  tiinhers.  and  hnrstinu"  of  the  honihs. 
As  vou  u'o  down  the  rixcr  tVoni  /'oliif  nii  lu r  to 
St.  John's,  you  liaNc  ii  distant  and  Inviutiful  pros- 
jM.vt  of  the  mountains  on  either  side  of  the  lake. 
After  ]>assin,iLr  hh'  on.v  y<iix.  you  liaM'  a  tine 
view  (»f  the  mountain  of  Chanihlay.  (Ui  the  top 
of  which  is  a  lake  store<l  Avitli  e\<^ellent  trout 
and  ]>erch.  lla\inu'  des[>atched  a  messenuer  to 
Montreal  for  carriau'es  for  ourselves  and  hauuaiiv, 
we  crossed  the  ri\i>i"  to  no  to  a  taNCi'u  on  the 
east  side  of  the  i'Imm",  about  a  mile  from  the 
iort.  The  house  heloiiys  to  ('»donel  llazen.  and 
has  y-reatlv  sufl'ered  hv  the  neiuhhoi'littod  of  the 
troops.  There  is  scarci'ly  a  wlnde  jiane  of  ulass 
in  the  house,  the  window-shutters  and  doors  are 
destroved.  and  the  hinues  stolen;  in  short,  it 
nppears  ;i  perfect  wreck.  This  tavern  is  kept  hv 
a  French  woman,  married  to  one  Donaho,  now  ;i 
prisoner  in  Pennsylvania. 


:t\  ■ 


JorUN  \|,   oi'    (  'IIAUIJIS   ("VIMJOLL. 


01 


2Sth.     W'v    l-clll.-lilinl    ;it    CoImiicI     ||;i;;('||'s    llollsr. 

Scxcivil  l»;ill(';iii\  with  lr.M.|»s  .-irrivrd  tliis  d.-iv  ;iii(I 
ycstcni.-iv  cNciiiiiL:-  IVnm  Ticnii<l('n>i:-;».  jiihI  inosl  of 
tliciii  fell  ilowii  llic  ri\cr  this  d.-iy  to  ("hMnil.I;iy. 
Thr  li.iid  ;i|.|K'.irs  to  !»;•  very  fcrtih'.  ;iiid  well 
nd.-iptcd  to  iKistiirc;  the  ur.iss  ln>i:-;iii  to  uimw  i';ist. 
nlth(Mi,u-li  the  trust  \v;is  iint  thru  mit  of  the  urmmd. 
tlic  siii'tMcc  oidy  Ic'iiiu-  Ih.-iwcd.' 

,.^!ltll.     Left    ('(dolK'l     Il;i/,('il"s    house;    ci'nsscd    oVCl' 

to  St.  .I(»hirs.  wliciv  we  t'omid  ntir  cfihrhrK  i-r.-idv 
to  iv('('iv(>  us.  After  Mil  Iioiir"s  st;iy  spent  iii  uvt- 
tiiii;-  our  li.iuuviuv  into  the  cirts.  .-lud  securiiiu-  the 
riMii.'iiinh'r. —  wliich.  t'or  w.-mt  of  (virts.  we  were 
ol)li,uvd  to  h';ive  heiiiiid  Us.  —  we  set  otV  from  St. 
.fohn's  for  L'(  l*,-alrii'.  distniit  eiu-htreii  iiiiU's.  I 
never  tr.nclied  tlii-oiiuh  Avorse  r(»;ids,  or  in  W(»rse 
tMi'ri;i,<i-('s.  The  country  is  one  «'ontinu('d  i>h-iin 
from  St.  .Ii.lin's  to  h>,  /'rairlr.  ;ind  two-thinls  of 
the  w;iy  unciiltiv.-ited.  tiiouiih  «h'ser\iiiu-  tlie  liiiili- 
est  eulti\;ition.  About  live  or  six  mih's  iVom  /,,/ 
I'rffiri"  \i}[i  meet  witli  lioiises  find  ploui-hed  l.-inds. 
iiiters[);M'sed  with  nie;i(h.ws.  wliicli  extend  ;is  f;ir 
MS  you  e.iii  see: — mI!  this  tiMct  of  h-iiid  is  cMpMliIe 
of  hi'inu-  turned  into  tiii(>  incMdow.  mikI  wlieii  the 
(•;»uiitry  li :>(•  »mes  more  i»o|nihuis.  mihI  enjovs  m 
,ii:o(.d    uoNcrnment,    I     (h»ul»f     m^t    it    will     It;'    m11 

1  Iimnciliiitfly  on  tlic  iii-riv;il  of  the  .•.iimni-ioiicrs  at  ^[ontrfiil,  Mr. 
John  Carroll  adilrcs.-^cl  a  \rUi-r  to  lii-  iiioilior.  .latcd  1st  May,  i^ivii'i:,'  an 
iiitiTC'stini;  accoant  of  tiicir  journey  to  Canaila.  Tln'  r.'ail  ■!■"  u  ill  liiul  it 
in  the  American  Archives,  vol.  v,  ji.  11.J8. 


u   . 


U'J 


Jnl  UN  AL    n|     (   11  A  HI.KS   ('a1{|{oM.. 


ill'ililird  iillil  lll.-ldc  illti)  excellent  |iie;iilnw  of  |i,'istll- 
r.-iu'e.  Willntiil  drfiiiiiiii:'.  it  will  i»e  iiii|Missiltle  \n 
eiilli\;ite  it  in  .my  \\;\\.  ^'nii  li;i\e  no  \  iew  of 
tlic  St.  LMwreiiee.  or  i)\'  Mnntre.il.  until  ynn  ei»nie 
witliin  tliree  or  ttuii"  miles  uf  A</  /'r</irlr.  At  /,'f 
/'rrfirlr  the  \  iew  of  tlie  town  ;nnl  tlie  ri\er.  .-ind 
the  isl.-iiid  oj"  Munti'e.il.  top'tlier  with  the  houses 
on  the  e;iste|"n  side  of  the  St.  I.;iwrenee.  t'orni  ;i 
hcMUtitnl  |»ros]i(.ct.  .\s  t";ir  ;is  the  \  iew  extends 
«lo\\n  the  ri\('f.  yon  diseei'n  houses  on  either  side 
of  it.  which  ;ire  not  divith'd  from  e;ich  other  hy 
more  tliMU  four  .icres.  :ind  commonly  l»y  not  unu'e 
th;Hi  two.  I'roni  I.f  /'iffiiif  you  i:(»  sh-mtinii" 
down  the  ri\t'r  to  Monti'e;d:  this  |>?iss;iii'('  i^*  com- 
puted six  miles,  though  the  ri\('r.  in  m  direct 
line  jicross  tVom  the  e.istern  sli»»re  to  the  town, 
is  not  more  th.-in  three  miles.  Ships  of  three 
humlred  tons  cmii  come  up  to  MontrcMl;  hut  they 
c.iu  ii<»t  li'et  up  ;il»o\('  the  town,  or  e\  en  ;d»reiist 
of  it.  The  riser  where  we  crossed  is  tlMed  with 
rocks  ;ind  slio.-ds.  which  occ.-ision  n  nci'v  r;ipid 
current  in  seNcr.-il  pl.-ices.  We  were  i'ecei\ed 
Itv  (li;\!;ir\h  AitNomt.  <»n  our  l.-indinu',  in  the 
most  jxdite  ;iiid  tViendly  m.-innei';  conducted  to 
lu';id(pi.Mrters.  where  ;i  li't'iitcel  comp.-iny  of  l.-idies 
and  u'('iitlenien  h.id  assemldcd  to  welcome  our 
arriv.-d.  As  we  went  from  the  landiim-  place  to 
the  uviioral's  Inuise.  the  cannon  of  the  citadel 
lirod   ill  oompliment    to   us  as   tho  commis.sionors 


.It>ri{\  \l.    Ml     {    11  Mtl.IvS    {  '\|;i!nl,l,. 


i»;{ 


of  (•i»||n|.,.ss.  We  SII|l|M>l|  ;|t  lll.lf  n-criClMrs.  ;|||,| 
.'iftrr     SI||I|»C1-     NM'I'C     CUlKhlclcd.     I.V     III.'     M(.||,.f;||      ;|||.| 

ntlicr  uciitlciiK'ii.  to  oiir  IndMiiiii's. — the  lioiisc  ..r 
Mr.  TlioiiMs  Wnlkri".  —  tlic  l.cst  l.iiill.  mikI  per- 
li;i|»s  the  l»('s(   l"m-iiisli('<l    in   (his  lowii.' 

•l/'V/   /////.     \)v.    l-'r.inUliii    left    M.»iihv;il    |o.,l.iv 

to    Uo    to    SI.    .lolili's.    ;|||<I     iVulii     tllCll<-(>    to    (•..liuTcss. 

'I'lic  doctor's  (IcM'liiiiiii:-  st.-itc  o|  licaltli.  ;iii<l  tlio 
l).-i<l  i>i'<»s|M'ct  of  oiii"  ;ilV;iirs  in  r.-in.i,;  ni.ido  inni 
ImIxc  tliis  rcs(diition.-' 

'    .Sim.    Ai-IMiM    s    |,.II,.f   |,,   S,l|n\  Irr,   •.MnhllrMl,    .'.[.ril    ;:it,    1771;,        .|/v/,MTV, 

vol.     ,  |i.  ll.'i,').     Aim!  Mf  nl-o.  (•.iiiiiiii-.iiiii.rs'  Iriici'  t     C"n;jn'»»,  il:iii(l 

.Moii.i'riil,  1   ,Miiy,  177ii,  «itli  l'..^  iiK'ninniiicli ,f  ;l micil  ..f  wnni^ 

to  fortiiyiiiM;  .Ji„|iic.-.  Ciirti.r  1111(1  tliv  liilU  ..f  J;i.  lull, 11,  and  tlic  buil.lin- 
<)l'>ix  i,niiii|(ilii-. — Ainiiiriin  A/'c/iins,  vn|.  \,  |,.  llm;. 

-  Dr.  Fi-iiiikliirs  hi'iiltli  {n-  h,.  h,,.!  priMlirtccI  ni  tin.  ..iitsoti  wii-  im- 
I'iiiivd    l.y  thr   liiird-liip,  ,,f  tliis   j.-iiniry.       Al'trr   l.ciiiij  ,1  t\,riiii-lii    ..t 

-McuiIivmI,    li,.  set    Milt    1 i,.\v;inls   Willi    Ml-.    .J, .1,11    r.111,,11.    wIm  nit.r 

^^'"■'■^    '"''•" l'"'    lii'-t     KuiiiMii    Cnilinli,.    A!vlil,i>li,,|,    ur    the    Ciiilcl 

Stiiti's.      With lilliciiliy  llicy   r-'iiclicMl    .Mlmny.  wln'iic..  tlicy  ciiiin- 

to  New    York   in  a  priviiti'  ciirriau-i'  t'lirni^li.-.l   l,y  (icmral  Sclmvlir. 

In  a  l.'ttrr,  ilat.d  at  N.'W  V..rk  on  ili.'  L'7ili  of  .M;.y.  Ii,.  ihanlxs  (i.ii- 
iriil  Scliiiyirr  and  lii.s  witV  |nr  tlirir  attrntion  |u  In.  .winrort.. ;  ami  j. 
u'l.'id  llial  he  did  not  |iiir-iic  Ills  orii;iiial  iiitcntion  ,,|'  tiikini,' the  j^cMicrars 
Milky  and  diiviii-  ov.r  tli.'  Moii.>  and  -iilliis,  i,,  uiii.li  Ii,  -Imuld  pn.l.a- 
lily  liiiM'  civci>|.t  and  luMkiii  lii-  JMini-. 

In  a  IntiT  of  tli(.  .siiiif  (late,  ■•to  the  ('oniini.-i()ii(.r<  in  Canada,'  lie 
informs  lii>  liicmls  of  lii^  arrival,  and  rutin  r  petulantly  Miy>  tl'at  llicy 
"left    ^frs.  Walker  uiili   her  lni.|.aiid  at   All.any,  from  "vvlience  we  eam'e 

down  l.y  land.     AVe  i.a.-ed    hi Luke  Cliami. lain  ;   l.iit  lio,  retiirninj;, 

overt.... k  IIS  at  Sariil..iri  i'/,rn  M-y  h,,//,  t;,l.  siicl,  liberties  in  iaiaiihi,/  '^if 
n,/r  r,„„i,„t  li,  C„i„„/a,  (t,„l  if  ,;,,„e  ,il„n,d  l<,  a  ,i,(iirrel.  We  e..ntinile(l 
onrcareof  her,  li..wever,  and  landed  her  .«afe  in  All.any,  with  li.r  tlir.c 
wa-(.n  loi.(ls(.f  haLj-a-.',  /./■.,„,//,/  //,.//„;•  ,rill„,i,l  jirlli',,,,  l„r  A,  ,//,,/  ,.,- 
Jinisf.^  and  [.arlcl  civilly  thoimli  .v.hlly.  /  //,,„/,  tl„,,  l.uil,  l,<l,:  „„  err,/. 
Iriif  tah  1,1  ,it  ,„aki„,i  fhriiiselrrs  ,  „n„,rs,  and  I  /i,'i,  ,-r,  (ire  irlirre  II, ni 
irill,  thill  will  iirrrr  hr  I,,,,,,  without  the,,,:'  The  Walkers  arc  pnihahlv 
the  family  ullndel  t..  in  th.'  j..urnal  on  the  -Jinli  of  .May.— ir..,/..s  •.( 
rraiiKlui.   V..1.   i.    |,.    Ml,   and    v..l.    viii,    j.]..    IsJ,   ]s:!.  Spark. '.s  ((liti..i'i. 


1)4 


.lol'HNAL   OF   ChAHLES  ( 'a1{|{(  >I.L. 


.li- 


l.'tli.  AVo  set  ((fV  from  Moiitre.-il  to  iro  to  Jjd 
Pi'd'n'ic.  yXw  .loliii  ("mitoII  Avciit  to  join  Dr. 
Fr.'UikliM  ;it  St.  .loliii"s.  iVom  wIkmkm^  tlicv  sailed 
tlie  i:uii.' 

l-!fh.  I  went  to  St.  .I(»lni"s  to  cxainiiio  into 
tlio  state  of  tliat  uai'ristm.  and  of  tlie  Itatteaux. 
There  I  iiu>t  with  (ieneral  Tlioiiijtsoii  and  ('olon(>l 
Sinclair.  Avitli  part  of  Tlionipson's  hriuade.  'I'liat 
eveniiiu'  I  went  with  tlieni  down  the  Sorel  to 
Chaniltlav.  !>raior  \\'o(mI  and  mvself  remained 
in  the  l);»at  wlien  we  uct  to  St.  'I'heivs(>.  where 
the  rapids  beuiii  and  continue,  with  some  inter- 
ruptions, to  Clnnuhlay.  Flat  bottomed  l)()ats  may 
iro  d(nvii  these  rapids  in  the  s])rinu'  of  the  year, 
when  the  water  is  hiuh;  —  even  a  large  (/oiitJo/fi 
}>assed  down  them  this  spring;  Init  it  would  he 
very  ditlficidt.  if  not  impossible,  to  Itring  a  f/on- 
(hthi  up  against  the  stream.  1  much  (|uestion 
whether  the  batteaux  c(»uld  be  l)rought  up;  cer- 
tain it  is  that  the  labor  of  towing  them  up.  or 
setting    tliem    uj)    the  current   with    setting   poles. 


1  Fi'iiii];liii  (lid  imt  t'oi-LCi't  till'  kind  lUli'iiUnns  of  tlii'  Ucv.  .JmIiii  CmithI! 
diiriiii:;  tliis  juiirnry;  imr  did  lu'  fiiil  tn  iqiiii'cciati'  the  virlin's  aiul  iiilcl- 
Ici'tiiid  c'ultiviitiiin  lit'  that  cxcidlont  clcrjijyinaii.  Tlu'  I'oiliiwiiiLC  I'xtract 
fi-nii  till!  diictiirs  i)rivat(' juiiriial  at  I'assy  in  1784,  >liii\v.s  tliat  hi!  thuui^ht 
(if  liini  ('(instantly,  and  jircssod  his  claims  fur  tlic  liiij;li('st  dii:;nily  "f  tlio 
L'hni'ch  ill  our  cdnfcdcracy. 

''.full/  tsf,  {l7S'f.) — The  pii]K'S  M\ni('i(i  calh'd,  and  a('i|Uainti'd  nic  that 
the  popi;  had,  (in  my  rcc'uninicnd.'itiiin,  apimintcd  Air.  Jnhn  Cai'inll  su|i('- 
ritir  (if  tiiu  Cathdlit'  t'liTLty  in  Anici'ica,  with  many  ]iii\\rrs  df  hislmp; 
and  that,  iirnliahly,  he  wnnld  Vu'  made  a  hishop,  in  /mrtiliKs,  licfiirc  tiic 
und  (if  the  yrai'.'' — Sec  U'nr/:^  of  Fran /{I  in,  vtd.  i,  p.  "iSl,  Sparkss  cditinii. 


-;* 


>*•• 


i 


l^"* 


tliiit 


pr 


111 


.V    <'^,,|- 


/'  '■■•'  ti  "'(il     w*  III     ;,i     joiii     I  )i- 

'  .  ■  <    friii!'    V  !i-!-'    ili.'V    .-.nilf"! 

"      ,'  -l-i-       \  >       .,    >•.'  lie    int't 

■'':'■'-  li.      I'll!  T'-l      111   ii*         r  :  '        '•         >         r'.fl 

•  ^.^      i      Wi'.lt      >VHI|      fllifn     •|n>\?)      The      >(•;:! 

..  flic  ^  i.-i;  Nvhth  wo  --oi-  ti»  M.  i"Ji<Ti'.-f'.  wiiiT'' 
tlx'  i',tj)iils  hcu-m  iuiil  v-ii!itiiiiii\  with  >nriii>  intr-r- 
rujitioiis.  lo  (  liii)iiltl;iv.  M;(t  hi>i!('!:u'(l"  1>  lat-  ]ii;t\ 
L^>  •i'lwii  tli«'s(  r.ipi'is  ill  ilie  .•|irii>.L'  "]"  llii'  vcmi'. 
wluMt  i.!if  \\.it<'i  i-i  liiuli;- — in  III  n  !;ii"'.rt.?  'lOinlitli! 
]i;i,--^«'ii  (Idwn  ilj. m  tiijy  spfini;':  i>ii!  it  \v«»iil.j  lie 
1  ."fy  dilliciilt.  if  iMil  ini])Mssii)l<',  to  iM-iiiu:  m  '/'"'- 
(/f'/c/  up  ;i'.r.'>;ii-t  till'  -ti'iMiii.  I  !>  ti '!j  'jii('t!"'i 
v!  'tliiT  tiic  li.id  -iiuv  r.>tiM  ii  '>iN'i-lil  Hj.-.  i-ci- 
t.         !f    J-«    i'-tt    lii.     I'i!.  ir     -t'    i       jiij,"   flu'ii)    iin.    'If 


'     ^      •'■     i        ,        ■  -'^  ■  !<•  V.  .!..l)i:  Cu.  r.    i 

■  '      ■      ■;;,'::!  'J  iu'    f'  'l..WM;i>,r    (.'NSrjKt 

'     '!•'      I-   r    tu-     l)!';ll''-l    l.i.'M!  ,    ••!"    (ji 

•1.  '    I'lc  '!.   :i'.  I    ».    lUiiiiit.    I    11. !■    !'f,1 

■   '     t,  u!  Iiiiii.l.'ij    Mj'.  .1..I;i     t  iiivi  i)  -^iij., 

J  '  i-'  t|   :  i4ii>|i.  ,((,    ,1,11  III. ,ri,   li^'l'...!       *;  , 


Si 

Mil 

•1,1       ;    (^ 

-111 

h'( 

fl-d 

;.. 

(.f 

^■lll 

:  --^  ■ 

the 

u 

rioi 

r 

.,,  .  ,, 

'■■'■,     ■ 

■.md 

.;■<• 

i ' 

i          i' 

end 

t» 

.   *    .  ii 

iv'^-i'iivJ.      j -i-1    it   ^  i.^k^.;£^    . 


m" 


.TolHXAL   OF   f'lFAinJlS  CauHoLL. 


llo 


would    1h'    oi-oatcr.    Mild    t;ik('    inucli    iik.iv    tim,'. 
tliMii  c.-irtiiio-  111, Mil   ,,v("i'  tli(>  (-.•irrviiin-  ])l;ic('  iVciii 
('liaiiil>l;iy    t(»   uidiiii    lliivo    miles  of  St.    TIkmvsc. 
AH    oiii-    b.-ittenux    uliii-h    sli.M.t    lli<>    mpids    ;iiid 
,iiO    dnnii    11,0    S..ivl    to    Cli.-.ml.l.-iy    ;iiid    tlmt    .-.iv 
)>n.nulit  u|)   Mu'aiii    to  St.  Jolm's.   ;nr  c.-irtcd   over 
the  eaiTyiim-  pl'i^'O  <>ii  iVanies  eoiistrueted   for   tlie 
purpose.      Jt   was   i»ro[»osod    by   s(»iue  to    briim-  m 
ijoiulola,  built  at  Cliainblay.  over  laud  three  iiiih's 
iuto    the    Sorel,    three    miles    b(>lo\v    St.    Therese; 
others    were   of  (.piniou    it   could    be    more   easilv 
towed    up    (»N,.r   the    rapids.      Chmnhlat/  fort  is    a 
large  S(jnare    stone   building,   with    .^(piare   towers 
at  each  angle,  a  ]»lace  intended  only  as  a  protee- 
ti(.n  against    the  savages.       I   saw  the  holes  m.-ule 
by  a   six  pounder,  when   it   was  taken   by  .Ai.-tjor 
]3rown.       .M.-ijor    Statl'ord    might    have    held    out 
against  the  foree  which  l»esi(>ged  him  at   least  for 
some    days,    in    Avhich    tini(>    he    would    j.robablv 
have  been   relieved  by  Carleton.      ]{ut,   by  Carle- 
ton's    subse(iuent    belia\iour.    when    he    made    an 
attemi)t    to    go     t(.     the    relief    of    St.    John's.     [ 
much    questiou    whether    he    W(udd    have    taken 
more  ett'ectiial   measures  to  rescue  Stafl'oi-d.     The 
taking  of  ("hamblay  occasioned  the  takiim-  of  St. 
,Iohu"s;    against    the    latter    we    should    not    have 
succeeded    without    the    six    tons    of    gunpowder 
taken  in  the  former. 


i 


'«    ■' 


i> 


96 


JoritNAL    OF   ClIAHLKS  ('.\I{IMLL 


J.jt/i.  T  ivtiiriKMl  to  ^Foiitronl  Itv  Lff  J'rn'D'ic: 
tlio  cDimtrv  1»t't\V('('ii  ('li;mil)l.-iy  iwuX  La  Pralrlf 
is  cxtrciiu'ly  tiiir  .-iiid  IcM'l,  MlxniiidiiiL;'  with  most 
(Wfcllciit  ni(';i(lo\v-,uToiui(l  .MS  you  jipitroMcli  tlie  St. 
Jjawrciice,  Avitli  ricli  jinililc  land  n»iiiid  about 
diaiulday.  The  coiiidry  lyiiiu'  Ix'twccii  tiu>  St. 
LawriMico  and  tlic  Sorcl  is  tiic  ln'st  part  of 
Canada,  and  jirodiiccs  tlic  most  and  best  Avlieat. 
In  tlu^  year  1771  four  Imndrcd  and  scNcnty-onc 
t]iousan<l  huslicls  of  Avlu^at  were  cxjMU'ted  out  of 
Canada,  of  wliicli  two-tliirds.  it  is  niuiputcd.  were 
made  in  tlie  Sorel  distriet.^ 

Jlsf.  Tliis  day  Mr.  Chase  set  off  witli  i.ie  for 
tlie  mouth  of  th(>  Sori'l ;  ue  (Mubai'ked  from 
Montreal  in  one  of  our  batteau.x.  ami  Avent  in 
it  as  far  as  the  [xtint  of  hand  on  the  north  sinu'e: 
of  tlie  St.  liaAvrence,  opposite  to  the  northern 
extremity  of  the  Island  of  ^lonti'eal;  here,  the 
wind  beinii'  au'ainst  us.  we  took  ])ost  and  tra\elled 
on  tlie  north  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence  as  low 
down  a^  La  Aorc.  wher(>  we  u'ot  into  a  canoe, 
and  wiMV  paddled  down  and  across  the  St.  Law- 
rence to  our  camp  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sorel; — 
it  was  a  perfect  calm,  the  distance  is  comimted 
at   nine  miles.     The  ciumti'v  on   each  side  tli(>  St. 


Ill'  (■()niinis>iiinors  \\Ti>ti'  to  comrrcss  from  ^Nrontrcal  on  tlio  8tli  of 


May. — Si'O  AinrricaH 
pliico. — Sci)  Aiiicricah 
Aliiy.— A/.  1..  4X2. 


Arr/iirrs,  Vol.  v,  p.  1123".     Oil  Jlny  lOlli  from  sumo 
Archu-cs,  Vol,  vi,  \\.  4-JO.     And  again  on  tlie  IGtli 


.TorifXAi.  OF  CifAKLKs  Cauholl. 


07 


(( 


L.'iwrciicc    is    l('\('l,   ricli.    .-iiid    tliii-kly    scjitcd;    in- 
deed,   so    tliickly    se.-ited.    tli.-it    the    Ikmiscs    I'onii 
.'iliiiost    one   roiitimicd    row.       In    uoinu'   iVoni    L 
yofc   to    tlie    mouth    of  the    Soreh  we    i);issed    hv 
JJrown's    h.-itterv    (as    it     is    eMHed).    nltlioiiuli    it 
iievei-   liad   a    cannon    moulded    on    it.      To    this 
battery  without  cannon,  and    t()  a   sinule  .<:>'on(h>]a. 
ten    or    twehc    \('ss(']s.    under    tiie    comiMaiid    of 
("<donel     J'rescott,    surren<hM'ed.       Major     Hrown. 
wlien    tlie  vessels  came   near    to   Ids   l»atterv,  s(>id 
an   officer  on    boai'd    reciuestinn'   Trescoft    to    send 
another  on  slioi'e  to  view  Ins  woi'lvs.     It    is  difti- 
cuU    to    (leternunc  winch  was   i:i'(>atcst.  the  impu- 
dence  (d'    Hi'own    in    demandini;'    a    surrendei-.    or 
the   coMai'dice    (d'  the    officer  who,  uoino-   hack    to 
ri-escott.  re|»ivseided  the   difficulty  of  ])assinu-  the 
l»attery  so  u'lvat  and  hazaivjous.  that   Prescoft  and 
all    his    officers    chose    to    capitulate.       IJrown    i-e- 
(|Uested    the    ofticiM"    who    wcid    on    slior(>    to    wait 
a  little  until  he  saw  the  two  tliirty-two  pounders, 
which    W(M-e    within    a    half   a    ndle.  coming   fnun 
Chamhlay; — says    he.  --If   you   shoidd    chance    to 
escape  this   battery,  whidi   is  my  small  batterv.    I 
hav(»  a   grand  batteiy  at  the  mouth   of  th(>  Sorel. 
v.iiich  will  infallibly  sink  all  youi-  A('ss(>]s."'     ]Iis 
grand  battery  was  as  badly  pi-oviih'd  with  cannon 
as   his   little   battery,    for   not    a    single   gun    was 
mounted    on    either.      This    Tivscott    tr(>ate<l    our 
prisoners  with  great  insolence  and  bi'utality.    His 


m 


JoUKXAL   (»K   ClIAHLKS   CaHIUHJ. 


o 


lu'li.-iviour  justltics  tlic  did  oliscrvtition,  tli;it  cow- 
jinls  :ire  <i(Mi('r.'illy  cruel.  W'c  iniiiid  tlic  dis- 
(•il»lino  of  our  cnnii*  vci-y  rniiiss,  ;md  ovcrv  Uiiiiii' 
ill    coiit'iisioii ;  —  (Jciior.-il    TlioiUMs    lind    l)nt    l.-itclv 

* 

resinnod  the  ooiiniuuid  to  'riioiii|tsoii.  I)y  whose 
I'lctivitv  thiiius  were  soon  i»iit  on  ;i  hotter  t'ootinu', 
J<l.  A\'e  left  our  e;ini|»  ;nnl  trnM'lled  hy  h-nid 
aloni!;  the  eastern  hank  of  the  Soreh  At  live  (»r 
six  miles  from  the  month  of  the  Sorel  the  eonn- 
trv  ii'rows  rich,  antl  continues  so  all  the  way  to 
Chamhlav.  ^'ear  the  mouth  of  the  river  it  is 
verv  sandv.  This  part  of  the  countrv  is  \vv\ 
popuhuis,  the  villa<ies  are  larue  and  neat,  and 
joined  toi-vtluM*  by  a  continued  ranue  <»f  sinule 
houses,  chiefly  farmers'  houses.  These  are  the 
rich  men  in  Cana(h-i:  the  sf'i/fiti('iu's  are  in  ucneral 
poor.  They  were  constrained  by  the  ordinances 
of  the  king  of  France  to  lease  their  h-inds  for 
ever,  reserv'ng  two  dolh-irs  for  e\ery  ninety  acres, 
and  some  other  tritling  i»er(|uisites.  as  tolls  for 
grindinu-  wheat;  the  tenants  l)eim>'  ohliucd  to  have 


tlieir  Avheat  uround  at    their  srit/iiit 


'/iitriti's 


mills,     it 


Q  I 


is  conjectured  that  the  farmers  in  Canada  can 
not  be  possessed  of  h'ss  than  a  million  sterlinu', 
in  specie; — they  lioard  up  their  money  to  pt^rtion 
their  children; — they  neither  let  it  out  at  Intercast, 
nor  expend  it  in  the  i>urchase  of  laiuls.  iJeforo 
wo  h^ft  the  cam[)  we  ordered  a  detachment  up 
to   ^Montreal,  uiuler  the  command  of  Colonel   J)e 


JoUUXAh   UK    C'llAHLIvS   CaKHuLL. 


1)5) 


^t, 


ll;»;is.  <-uiisistiMu-  of  near  t'oiir  IiiukIiv.I  hkmi.  to 
rc'iiitui'c-  (iciicral  Aniol.l,  an,!,  in  (•(•iijiiiictinii.  to 
(Irivo  off  a  party  (.f  tlic  ci-Iitli  ivuinuMit.  wli.., 
with  tlinv  liiiiKliv.I  and  fifty  sava-vs.  and  sonic 
Canadians,  liad  taken  our  post  at  tlio  Cedars, 
thron-li  tiie  cowardice  of  Major  IJnttcrticld.'  and 
liad  a<lva)urd.  on  tli(>  JoH,  instaid.  witliiji  tift(>en 
miles  of  Montreal. 

:>.1(J.  \\'(.  n-,,t  ,.aHy  this  morning  to  Chamhlay, 
where  w(>  found  all  tliin,i;-s  in  much  confusion, 
extreme  disorder,  and  ne,ulin-(>)i,'e.  our  credit  sunk, 
and  no  money  to  retrieve  it  with.  We  were 
ohli-vd  to  pay  three  silver  <h)llars  tor  the  car- 
riage of  three  Icirrels  of  gunpowder  from  Little 
Chand.lay  riv(>r  to  L(.n,uueil.  the  officer  who  com- 
manded   the  guard   not    jiaving  a   single  shillinu'. 

.J4fli.  Colonel  l)e  JIaas's  detachment  got  into 
:>rontreal  this  evening;  the  day  before,  we  also 
arrived  tJuMV,  having  crossed  the  St.  LawriMico 
in  a  canoe  fnuii    Longueil. 

■J-~>tli.  In  the  evening  of  this  day  Colonel  Do 
Haas's  detachment  marched  out  of  Montreal  to 
.join    (uMieral    Arnold    at     La    Cliiiu-;     they    were 

1  An.nM  li;„l  I,. ft  Qn,.l..c  .ni  account  of  hi:,  suin.rin-  from  u  =rv,Mv 
wound,  l.nt  more,  pn-lmbly  in  .•.ns,.,,u,.Mco  of  his  j.,,haisv  ami  .li>cont..Mt 
with  Gc.HTal  Wo,.„t..r.  At  Montr,.,!  h.  was  a;;ain  \n  ..„nnnan,l,  an,l, 
for  th,.  rrsults  „f  his  ,.o„rs,.  affr  th..  disaster  at  tin^  Cedars,  th,.  n.uhT 
).s  refLTri'd  t,)  his  lif,.,  in  S)mrks's  Anierioan   l5ioo.,.,,j,liv,  <n\.  jij,  ,,.  fj,; 

ct  sec  J.  '  ' 

At  the  Crdar>,  ncarlv  I'.iir  iunidrr,!  ni  mi  suriviidrred,  hv  a  di.-'riUTful 
••niutuialion.and  a  lumdivd  nm,-,.  were  harharously  niiirdcrod  hv  "ava-.. 


KMI 


.I<»l|{\.\L    or   ClIAIMJlS    ('AI{|{(»liL 


(U'tiiiiicd  iVoiii  y\;\]\\  tif  iii;iiiy  iicccssarit's,  wliirli 
wt>  "Nvcrc  ohliucd  to  juMciirc  fur  tliciii,  (u'lienil 
W'oostcr  In'iiig  witlmiit  iikhicv.  i>i'  |>ret('ii(linn"  t(» 
1»(>  s(».^  The  iMieniy,  lic.-irini:"  t'nuii  <»nr  ciuMuics 
in  Moiitivnl,  (•!'  tliis  rcintui'cciiiciit.  had  rcti'oatcMl 
]»roeipitatol_v  to  I'ort  St.  Anne's,  at  \ho  soutlirrn 
extremity  of  the  Island  of  Montreal,  and  iVtun 
th<MU'0  had  ci'ossed  oNcr  to  (^idnzc  C/iicii.-^,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  St.   Lawrence. 

.'f>f//.     We    left     Montreal     this    day    at     thi-ee 
o'clock,"   to   ,no  to   Chaniblay,   to   l>e   present   at   a 


I    III    ;i  IrttiT  IVoll 


C'liiiini-.-iiiiiris  to  C"iiiii;i'i'ss,  (lati'd  at  ^I'Hitri'Hl 


HI  tin;  27lti  ^Iiiv,  '7<'i,  tlicv  di'itl  witli  (iciicral  "Woostcr  in  iiiiiiu'nsurcil 


ti'i'ins 


(J 


il  Tl 


iDiiias,"  tlii'V  .-^av, 


'is  U(>\v  at  t'liiiiiiblav  iiinlcr  tin 


.■-iiiall-])i>.v.  Bciiii^  tiiki'ii  witii  that  disorder,  Ik'  left  tin;  cam]!  at  Hord, 
and  wrote  tn  (li'iicral  AVoostcr  to  chiih'  and  tak(;  command.  Wln'ii  tin' 
intiM'i'st  ol'  our  country  and  tin;  saii'ty  of  your  army  are  at  stake,  wr 
think'  it  very  imiiroper  to  coiieeal  onr  sentiinenfH,  cither  with  re^urd  t" 
persons  or  thii 
un 


Cioncral  AVooster  is 


tit — to  command  your  army  and  conduct  tl 


le  war. 


oiiinion,  nnlit — totally 


We  h 


liithcrto, 


prevailed  on  liim  to  remain   in   Montreal.      His  .-tay  in  this  colony  is 


unnecessary,  anil  even  prej 


ireiudieial  to  our  all'airs.     AVc  would  thereto 


hiimblv  nd 


vise  nis  reca 


11. 


MS,  /lifer  in  ihc  Slatr  ilcpitrtninii  (it  W'ush- 


imilon.    It  is  ]iulili>lied  hy  ^Ir.  Force  in  the  sixth  volume  of  the  American 
Aridiives,  at  p.  o8'.i. 

"Wooster  ro(iuested  an  iiii|uiry  into  his  ciiiidnct  as  commander  ef  ilie 


forces  in  Canada.     The  mattiT  was  refrrred   1 


y  con^-re.- 


t( 


omiillttei 


ihich 


1,  upon  full  investigation,  deelarc'i. 


1  that  m>liiiiiL 


<'i'nsuralilc  appi 


hh 


igainst  him. — 
lis  commission 


ee  Jiii/rjinls  (if  Cuiiiin 


A K II list  ntii.  /;;'<• 


H 


e  resl"nei 


eared 

1 


in  the  I'oiitineiital  army,  and  was  appointed  tirst  major- 


general  of  the  Connecticut  militia. —  .See  .S/»o7,-.s'.s  L'lje  ainl  WrUuni.-i  pj 
Wdnhiinidin,  vol.  iii,  ji.  A\'l,  in  nnir. 


"Wooster 


villed 


11   1777,  in   a 


liritecl  action    lietwei'ii   the  Ci 


necticut   triio)>s   and   the    English    force   umh'r   (iovernor   Tryoii,   mar 
Danbury. 

-See  letter  from  the  Cominissioners  to  Congress,  dated  27  May,  1770, 
in  the  .si.vth  volume  of  American  Archives,  ]>.  u'.R).     This  is  their  last 


letter   from   Canada,  and 


verv  valuable,  as    containing  a   vcrv  full 


report  of  the  state  of  atl'uirs  in  that   provi 


lei 


anil 


th 


ndit 


le  eoiKlltlon  ol   tilt 


f  th 


]|  h 


Ireelv  cxtraitel  IVom  in  tin-  introductorv  memoir. 


.Inl  |!\AI,    (»1     ('llAI!lj;s    ('aI;|{i)|J.. 


lOL 


«'>uii('il   n|    w.ir  of  Hie  -viiri'.ils  ;iii(|    licM-i .nici'rs, 

fol"    (MIlCTtiim-    the    (.|MT.ltin||s    nf    tlic    CI  III  |  .;|iull . 

'Hlfh.  The  (••lllicil  nf  W.ir  \v;is  licld  (Ills  (1;|V, 
.'111(1  (Iclcnililicd  |u  ||i;iiiit;iiii  |M>ss('Ssi(i|l  of  tin' 
(Mlllltl'V  l»;'t\V(M'ii  (lie  S:  L.iwi'ciicc  ;ili(l  S(.l-cl.  if 
ji(»ssil»l('; — ill  til'  iiii'.iiitiUK'  tn  (lis|Kis('  iii.-ittcrs  si» 
.MS  to  make  an   ordci-Iy  I'clrcat   (Mil   nf  Canada. 

.y/.sA  Set  oir  tVdiii  ('Iiaiiil»lay  for  St.  .lolnrs;— 
.'ill  tilings  tlicrc  ill  (-(.iifusioii :  —  slept  at  Mi-s. 
Doiialio's. 

.Iiiiir  Isf.  ("russcd  u\(«i-  lliis  iiioriiiiiii'  to  St. 
.It>lin"s.  where  (ieiiei'al  Siilli\aii.  Avitli  foiii'teeii 
limidred  iiieii.  had  ai'i'i\e<|  in  the  iiiulit  (d"  the 
*ilst  ]>ast:  saw  them  all  midei-  anus.  It  l)eu-an 
to  rain  at  nine  o'clock,  and  contimied  I'aiiiinu- 
Aorv  hard  until  late  in  the  exciiinn';  —  slept  at 
.Doiiaho's. 

.'(I.  Crossed  ovei-  auaiii  to  tlie  caiiip;  to(dv  leave 
of  (Jeneral  Sidli\an.  and  sailed  tVoni  St.  .lolin's 
at  six  this  iiioriiinu-.  Mitli  a  tair  Avind; — not  to 
Pohit  (III  Frr  at  one  o'clock: — udt  to  ('iuul)erland 
head  .about  se\(>n  o'chick.  i*.  A!.;  set  oil'  from 
theuce  ahout  nine,  and  rowed  all  niuht.  W'e 
divided  our  1)  )at's  crew  into  two  watches. 

'111.  Breakfasted  at  \\'illsl»oi'nui:h ;  rowed  on 
.and  received  des|»atclies  l>y  Major  liickes;  uot 
to  Crown  I'oint  lialf-i)ast  six  o'clock.  \\  M.  Set 
oft'  at  ei.ulit.  rowed  all  niuht.  and  ai-rived  at  one 
o'(dock  in  the  iiiuht  at  Ticondero-a.  wlieiv  we 
found  (general  Schuvler. 


102 


JoriJNAL   OF   rir.MfMlS   ('.VUlfoLL 


J)th.  Set  olV  tliis  iiHiniiiiLT  ;it  ti\('  witli  (mmmtmI 
Scliiivlt'i',  for  SlvcciicsldU'oiiLili.  .-iiiil  u'ot  llicrc  l»v 
two  o'clocU.  'I'lic  l;ik('.  MS  Voll  ;i|»|»ro;ic!l  Skcclics- 
l»iiroiiL!,ii,  ^q'ows  n;ii'ro\V('f  mikI  sIimIIowci';  indeed, 
witlilii  fiNc  <»r  six  miles  of  Si\ceiiesl)oroiiuii,  it  ii.-is 
nil  the  ni>|K'nrnnc-'  of  ;i  riNcr.  Wo  linule(l  onr 
Icittenil  over  llie  e.irrvinu"  |»lnee  ;il  Skeeneslto- 
l'(»nuli  into  Wood  creek.  This  ciii'viim"  jtlnce  is 
not  nhove  three  hundred  feet  .-leivtss;  ;i  lock  niny 
It.'  ninde  tor  two  hiindi'ed  pounds  ;it  Skeenes- 
honniU'h.  hy  which  means  a  continne<l  na\i,ii,a- 
tion  would  1»;'  ell'ecfed  for  hatteaiix  tVom  one 
Chesshire's  into  I.ake  Chamjilain.  Major  Skeeiu; 
has  hnilt  a  saw-mill,  urist  mill,  and  a  foruc  at 
the  entranc;'  of  Wood  creek  into  Lake  ( 'ham- 
plain.  Set  ort*  tVom  Skeeneshoronuli  at  tonr 
o'clock,  I'owed  n|)  Wood  creek  ten  miles,  to  one 
]Jnvle's.  here  we  lav  all   niuht  on  hoard  our  boat. 

'itli.  Set  ott*  at  three  in  the  monunir.  and  con- 
tinued rowing'  up  the  creek  to  one  Chesshire's. 
This  man  lives  near  I"'ort  Ann,  huilt  hy  (iovenntr 
Xiclndson  in  ITOU.  The  distance  from  Skeenes- 
bonui^'h  to  ('hesshir(>"s,  is  twenty-two  miles, — by 
lainl,  fourteen  only:  from  this  it  api>ears  that 
Wood  creek  has  m:niy  windings,  in  fact,  1  never 
saw  a   more   ser[>entine   river.     The  navin'ation   is 


somewhat  obstructed  by  trees  drifted  and  ]>iled 
across  the  creek;  however,  we  met  with  little 
ditticulty  but  in  oii(>  place,  where  we  were  oblio-cd 


.lorifN  \r.  OF  Cii  \i{Li:s  Cakkoi.i,. 


|(i:i 


^"     *l"'<     '"ir    lH.;,f.    ;,,„|     .■;,rrv     it     till ;.|,     ;,     MniTnU 

,Ullt,     Wliirli      u;|s      s.m.h      ^h'\'[\u-\ |       hy     oUP     civw. 

Two     |,|||„I,v,|      iiM-M     woiil.l     ,.I,.,,'    tills    rvvrk     ;ili.l 

iviii(»v('  cvcrv  (.L.^tnictluii  in  six  ,|;ivs'  time.     Tiiis 

lUC'Isiiiv    Ii;is    |„.,"||    IVcMlllllriKJcl     l.y    til.'    c, inn, is- 

sl.Mi.Ts  to  cnii-n-ss.  ..|i„|  ,.,niuTcss  I, MS  .M.nii.li.Ml 
with  tlir  nr,.n.nicii(l;ili,ni,  mikI  onjcivs  will  s.m.ii 
•'<'    .ulvcn    to   (MMicnil    Scluivlcr    to   clc.-ir   it.   .-iii.! 

Vvudvr    tlic     ll;i\|o;iti(.|l     cisv. 

'    ^rt  oir  with    (iciicivil   Schnvlcr.  on   to..t.  iVoiii 
<'h.   -shiiv's.   .-It     on,.    oVIo.'k;     \v;ilk,.,l     yrwu    miles. 

*'""•  ^'"'"  '"•'<  li'-rscs  comlni:'  iVom  .I.tnes's  to 
MS.  Jones's  house  is  dist.-iiit  nine  miles  iVom 
Chesshiiv's.  Wo  (line,!  at  .I.nies's.  .-iml  ro.le, 
.•ifter  (liniiei-.  to  Fort  IMu.-,,-,!;  — the  (JistMiiee  is 
••"iiiputed  tour  mill's ;  — Mr.  ('|,,.,s,'  joined  us 
this  eveiiinn-.  ||,.  took  the  lower  rojul  ;in,|  u;,s 
oljli^vd    to  walk    |>art    of   the  way. 

f'f/f.  Parted  with  (ieiieral  .Sehiiyler  this  morn- 
iii--;  li<«  returned  to  F(»rt  (ieoruv  on  Lake  (;eornv. 
We  rode  to  Saratoga,  where  we  u(»t  hv  seven 
o'cdock,  l)iit  did  nut  tind  the  amial.le  family  at 
lioiiie.  W','  were  eoiistrained  t(.  remain  here"  all 
this  day,  waitin-'  the  arrival  of  oiir  servants 
and  bau'i^'ao-c. 

7f/L  Our  servants  and  l»ai:;u-an-e  l)eiiio-  i.,»i,„>  „p^ 
Ave  left  Saratoga  this  iiiornino-  at  nine;  tix.k  boat 
.'ind  went  down  Hudson's  river,  throuuh  all  the 
rapids,    to    Albany.       The    distance    is  Computed 


■KT 


1(14 


JornxAL  OF  ('ir.MJLKs  Catjeoll. 


tliirtv-slx  milos.  A\'(>  arrived  at  Albaiiv  lialf  an 
liour  ])ast  1iv(>.  .\t  si\  o'clock  avc  set  off  for  X(>w 
York  in  a  sloo[):  Avliicli  Ave  luckily  found  ready 
to  sail;  u'ot  tliat  eveninu'  and  ni,i2,'lit  twenty-four 
miles   from   Albany, 

Sill.  Found  ourselves,  tliis  nntrnini;-,  twentv-four 
miles  from  Albany; — at  seven  in  tlie  ni<»rnin!i' 
Avind  breezed  up,  had  a  tine  gale,  and  u'ot  bi'low 
the  hiii-hlands; — a  yery  iireat  run. 

Dtli.  Arri\'ed  at  Xew  York  at  one  o'clock,  V.  ^1.; 
Waited  on  (General  Washington  at  ^Motier's; — 
saw  (Generals  (iates  an<l  Putnam,  and  my  old 
ac([uaintanco  and  friend,  ^[r.  Moylan.  About 
six:  o'clock  in  the  evening  got  into  General  W.-ssli- 
ington's  barge,  in  company  vith  Jiord  [Stirling.^ 
and  was  rowed  I'ound  by  Staten  Island  and  the 
Kilns,  Avithin  two  miles  of  Elizabeth-town.  where 
we  got  by  ten  at  ni.vht. 

lOfh.  iSet  ott'  from  i''.li/,al)eth-town  ]ialf-]>ast  live, 
(jiot  to  J)rist(d  at  eight  o'clock,  P.  AT.: — at  nine, 
endjarked  in  our  boats,  and  wei'e  I'owed  down 
the  J)elaw;»re  to  riiiladelphia,  wliere  we  arrived 
at  two  (»"clock  in  the  niirht. 


1  Ltifd  Stirlint;'  was  a  lirinadior-nmrral  in  iliu  Aiiierieaii  ariiij',  and 
filatitmoil  at  New  York,  where  lie  liad  ediiiiiiaiid  lor  a  !<liort  time,  al'ter 
the  departure  of  General  Leo. — Seo  Waslihi<i Ion's  Wrlt'nu,^,  vol.  iii,  ji. 
318;  and  Fratiklui's  Writ'nujs,  vol.  viii,  ]i,  180,  note,  {Sjxir/^s's  KilifloD.) 
On  the  27th  of  Alareh,  1770,  Franklin  had  apprised  him  hv  letter  of  the 
jiroposed  journey  to  Canada,  and  desired  him  to  proeure  lodgings  for  the 
jiarty  in  New  York,  a.s  w(dl  as  to  engage  a  i^loop  to  take  thcni  up  the  river 
to  Albanv. 


AUTOmOGRAPIIJC  SKETCH 


OF 


CHARLES  OAIIROLL  OF  (^AKROLLTON. 


Oil  the  28lh  of  July,  18IC,  Mr.  Joseph  Dohiphiino,  editor  and 
publisher  at  tliat  time  of  "  Tiio  Repository,"  wrote  to  yiv.  Carroll 
thanking  him  for  his  consent  to  sit  to  Mr.  Kin-!-,  tiie  artist,  for  u 
portrait  wliich  Mr.  Delaplainc  desired  to  have.  At  the  conclu- 
sion of  bis  letter,  which  fills  the  first  side  of  a  (piarto  sheet,  the 
wriior  adds:  "I  beg  you,  Sir,  to  furnish  me  with  a  few  facts  of 
yourLife— Birth— Parentage— Education— Offices— Profession- 
Correspondence  with  General  Washington,  and  any  facts  yci 
may  be  pleased  to  furnish." 

On  the  receipt  of  this,  :\rr.  Carrnll,  then  near  entering  on  his 
eightieth  year,— turned  over  the  first  page  of  this  letter,  and  on 
the  two  inner  pages,  set  down,  in  a  clear  but  slightly  trembling 
hand,  the  following  draft,  which  is  jircserved  iu  my  collection  of 
lictters  of  the  Signers  of  the  Dei'laratiou  of  Independence. 


14 


105 


I!*       ,1 


100 


A  TTOBIOG  R  A  PII TC   S  K  KT(  If. 


k*- 


I,  ■•f.^ 


"J^OVGUORAQAy,..'!  Aurj.,  ISDl. 
"Sir: 

"I  rcceivca  tliis  (.lay  your  letlei- of  the  2h'tli  past,  and  the  first 
lialf  volume  of  your  Repository,  fur  \vhich  I  hope  my  agent  Mr. 
James  Neilson,  in  Baltimore,  has  aceounteil  with  your  agent  Mr. 
riiilson.  My  letter  of  Oth  instant  in  answer  to  Mr.  King's  of  the 
29tli  July,  informed  him  I  should  be  in  Baltimore  about  the  20th 
December  and  remain  there  during  the  winter,  when  I  will  sit  to 
him  for  my  portrait  at  any  place  in  that  city  ho  may  appoint. 

"I  was  born  at  Annapolis  in  September,  1737;  on  the  19th  of 
next  month  I  shall  enter  into  my  8Cth  year.  1  was  sent  by  my 
father  when  about  11  years  of  age  to  St.  Omer's  for  my  educa- 
tion, where  I  remained  about  G  years ;  from  thence  I  went,  by  his 
direction,  to  a  College  at  Rheims,  and  after  remaining  at  that 
College  a  year,  I  went  to  the  College  of  Louis  le  (Jrand  at  Paris; 
in  all  of  these  Colleges  the  students  were  taught  by  the  Jesuites. 
"In  1758  or  1759,  I  went  to  England  and  studied  law  in  the 
Inner  Temple  3  or  4  years,  not  with  a  professional  view;  and 
returned  to  my  native  country  in  1705,  after  an  absence  of  about 
18  years. 

"  On  the  breaking  out  of  our  revolution  I  took  a  decided  part 
in  support  of  the  rights  of  this  country;  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Committee  of  Safety  established  by  the  legislature;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  constitution  of  this 
State.  The  journals  of  Congress  will  show  how  long  I  was  a 
member  of  that  body  during  the  revolution. 

"With  Dr.  Franklin  and  Mr.  Samuel  Chase,  I  was  appointed 
r  Commissioner  to  Canada.  I  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Senate  at  the  first  session  of  Congress  under  the  present  Con- 


Ai'ToiuodUAi'iiic  Skktcii. 


in; 


federation  .-—tliougli  well  aniuaiuted  with  (iciu'ral  Wasliiiigton, 
• — and  I  flatter  myself  in  liis  confidence, —  few  letters  passed 
between  us;  one,  having  reference  to  tlic  opposition  made  to  llic 
Treaty  concluded  by  :Mr.  Jay,  has  Ijcen  repeatedly  published  in 
the  newspapers,  and  i)er]iaps  yon  may  have  seen  it ;  that  letter 
is  no  longer  in  my  possession. 

.  "  My  Grandfather  came  to  Maryland  in  the  year  preceding  the 
revolution  in  England,  terminated  by  the  dethronement  of  James 
the  Second.  :My  mother  was  daughter  of  xMr.  Clement  JJrooke, 
a  gentleman  of  resi)ectable  family  in  Prince  George's  County.— 
I  have  given  you,  Sir,  in  compliance  with  yuur  request,  all  the 
incidents  of  my  public  life  and  of  my  education,  and  remain,  with 
respect, 

"Y'  most  hum:  Serv' 
"CiiAiiLEs  Carroll  or  Caurolltox." 

Tlie  letter  from  Mv.  Delaplaine  before  referred  to,  on  the  inner 
pages  of  which  the  above  was  written,  is  endorsed  in  Mv.  Car- 
roll's haiulwriting: 

"iSlC:   August  28 
"Joseph  Delaplaine's  Letter: 
"received  tiie  21  August  and  answered  sa:ue  day : 
"see  my  answer  within.'' 


Tlii.s  particularity  is  interesting  as  showing  the  promptness 
with  wiiich  Mi:  Carroll  always  attended  to  business,  and  espe- 
cially to  his  corresi)ondeiice,  many  specimens  of  which  are  in  mv 
possession.  Another  interesting  biographical  scrap  in  my  cul- 
Icction,  is  contained  in  an  envelope  endorsed  by  Mr.  Carroll's 


xW 


:V' 


I',      ' 


los 


AiToinocujAi'inc  SKKTCir. 


I'-.'i 


father:  "A   Cliaracter  of  my  Sun:    13y  :Mi-.  Jcnisou    liis    Mas- 
ter;" bciioatli  wliicli  tlio  niuilest  son  lias  written: 

"I  fear  this  letter  was  dictated  l.y  Mr.  Jenison's  partiality  to 
nic.     I  never  found  till  this  day  (2Ttli  July,  nS2)  that  he  ever 
wrote  to  my  Father  about  me." 
The  charaetor  is  as  follows: 

"  Tho'  T  am  not  in  a  disposition  of  Writing-  Letters,  having  lost 
this  morning  the  finest  young  mnn,  in  every  respect,  that  ever 
enterVl  the  House,  you  will,  perhaps,  afterwards,  have  the  plea- 
sure of  assuring  yourself  hy  experience  that  I've  not  exaggerated 
Charles  Carroll';  character  in  the  foregoing  lines.     The  Captain 
will  l)c  able  to  give  you,  I  hope,  a  satisfactory  account  of  him. 
'lis  very  natural  I  should  regret  the  loss    of  one   who  during 
tho  whole  time  he  was  under  my  care,  never  deserv'd,  on  any 
account,  a  single  harsh  word,  and  whose  sweet  temper  rendered 
him    e(iually  agreeable   both    to    equals   and    superiors,   without 
ever    making    him    degenerate    into    the    mean    character   of    a 
favorite   which    he    always  justly  de.spis'd.       His  application    to 
his  Book    ami    Devotions   was  constant  and   unchangeable,  nor 
could  we  perceive  the  least  dilference  in  his  conduct  even  after 
having  read  the  news   of  his  destination,  which,  you   know,   is 
very  usual  with  young  [leople  Iiere.     This  short  character  I  owe 
to  his  deserts;— prejudice,  I  am  convinc'd,  has  no  share  in  it,  as 
I    find  the  public  voice  conlirms  my  private   sentiments.      Both 
inclination   and  justice  prompt    me    to   say  more,  yet    I  rather 
chusc  to  leave  the  rest  to  Captain  Carroll  to  inform  you  of  by 
word  of  mouth." 

BllAXTZ  MAYEll, 


Kd 


noK. 


LETTER  FROM  REV'D  JOHN  CARROLL 


(AirKiiWAiiDs  Aiuiijusiioi'  ok  I'ai.timoue) 


TO   CJIARLKS   (ARUOLL,    Esc,)., 


Father  of  Cqarles  Cauuoli.  of  Carkolltox. 


"  VnihADELVHW,  June  .'(1,  Vii'i. 

■•  I  arrived  at  this  place  tiie  day  before  j'csterday  in  company 
witli  Dr.  FroMkliii.  Cousin  Cliarles  and  Mr.  Ciiace  left  Montreal 
with  mc  on  the  12lh  of  ^lav,  that  th(v  miirht  not  he  in  any  danijcr 
from  a  fri,i>'ato  running  up  the  River  and  .uetting  between  them 
and  the  Eastern  sliure  of  S.  Lawrence.  As  Dr.  Fraidclin  deter- 
mined to  return  to  Philadeiiihia,  on  account  of  iiis  health,  I 
resolved  to  accompany  him,  seeing'  it  was  out  of  my  power  to 
be  of  any  service  after  the  Commissioners  had  Ihou.^iit  it  advisa- 
ble for  them  to  leave  Montreal.  Your  Son  and  Mr.  Chacc  pro- 
posed staying-  at  S.  John's  or  in  that  neii;hl)ourhood,  till  they 
should  know  whether  our  army  would  kee[)  post  at  De  Cham- 
beau;  and  the  fornu'r  desired  me  to  give  you  notice  of  his  beini,' 
safe  and  well.  Since  I  left  him  it  has  lujt  been  in  my  power  to 
do  it  before  this  day,  as  we  unforluiiately  chanced  to  (-(jmc  to 
every  post  town  on  our  road  someliines  a  day,  sometimes  a  few 
hours  toj  lati'   for  the   mail.      When   I   left   him  he  expected  to 

100 


I 

1 

n 

j 

1,; 

■ 

f 

IKJ       Lkttmk  hium  Hev,  John  Carroll. 


follow  us  ill  a  few  days:  but  Mr.  Ilaucock  lolls  n.c  that  if  au 
express  scut  some  days  since  froiu  Congress,  reaches  tlicra  before 
they  have  left  Canada,  he  is  of  opinion  they  will  continue  there 
for  somo  time.  I  shall  set  out  from  hence,  next  week  and  pro- 
pose  doing  myself  the  pleasure  of  calling  at  Elk-ridge.  .Aly  aif= 
and  respectful  compl"  to  Mrs.  Darnall  and  Carroll  with  love  to 
Policy.  Nothing  new  from  Canada,  nor  indeed  any  advices  at  all 
since  we  left  it.  Great  divisions  here  between  the  contending 
l.arties.  I  have  presumed  to  trouble  you  to  forward  the  inclosed 
and  remain 

"IIon'D'S' 
"  Y'  siT'  kinsman  and  hum  Sev' 

"J.  Cauroll." 


"Ten  tons  of  powder, 

"500  small  arras  came  in  yesterday. 

"  Cos'  Charles  reee'  large  packets  of  letters  from  you  a  kw 
days  before  we  left  Montreal." 

"  To  Charles  Carroll  Sen''  Esq" 

"  to  the  care  of  M  W"  Lux 

"  Baltimore 
"free  J.  Carroll.'" 


I  Original  BIS.  in  the  Archives  of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society. 


' 


